python监控文件或目录变化

在监控一个文件或目录的变化时，如果有变化，把文件上传备份至备份主机，并且监控上传过程是否有问题等，根据此需求，编写如下脚本实现这个监控功能：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
#######################
#
#Status wd gs/ccs sql file changed
#date:2013-08-26 王伟
#文件有变化上传至备份主机，上传之后验证文件是否正确
#
#######################
import paramiko,os,sys,datetime,time,MySQLdb
from pyinotify import WatchManager, Notifier, ProcessEvent, INDELETE, INCREATE,INMODIFY
'''
CREATE TABLE wddel_log.status_sql (
ip varchar(16) NOT NULL COMMENT '机器IP',
tar_name varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '备份文件名字',
md5 varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '备份文件MD5',
flag int(2) NOT NULL COMMENT '0:成功;1:失败',
error_log varchar(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '错误日志',
uptime datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '更新时间',
KEY ip (ip),
KEY uptime (uptime)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8'''#日志表创建脚本
GMpath='/home/asktao/'
center_hostname='192.168.1.100'
center_username='root'
center_password='123456'
center_port=63008
def log2db(ip,tar_name,md5,flag,error='0'):#删除日志入库
try:
tar_name = os.path.split(tar_name)[1]
now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host = '192.168.1.104',user = 'root',passwd = '1q2w3e4r',charset='utf8',connect_timeout=20)
cursor = conn.cursor()
sql = "SELECT ip FROM wddel_log.status_sql WHERE ip='%s'" % ip
cursor.execute(sql)
res = cursor.fetchall()
if len(res)==0:
inster_sql = "insert into wddel_log.status_sql VALUES('%s','%s','%s',%s,'%s','%s')" % (ip,tar_name,md5,flag,error,now)
cursor.execute(inster_sql)
conn.commit()
else:
update_sql = "UPDATE wddel_log.status_sql SET md5='%s',flag='%s',error_log='%s',uptime='%s' WHERE ip='%s'" % (md5,flag,error,now,ip)
cursor.execute(update_sql)
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
except Exception,e:
print e
def find_ip():#获取本地eth0的IP地址
ip = os.popen("/sbin/ip a|grep 'global eth0'").readlines()[0].split()[1].split("/")[0]
if "192.168." in ip:
ip = os.popen("/sbin/ip a|grep 'global eth1'").readlines()[0].split()[1].split("/")[0]
return ip
def md5sum(file_name):#验证sql打包文件的MD5
if os.path.isfile(file_name):
f = open(file_name,'rb')
py_ver = sys.version[:3]
if py_ver == "2.4":
import md5 as hashlib
else:
import hashlib
md5 = hashlib.md5(f.read()).hexdigest()
f.close()
return md5
else:
return 0
def center_md5(file_name):#上传至备份中心的文件的MD5
try:

s=paramiko.SSHClient()
s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
s.connect(hostname = center_hostname,port=center_port,username=center_username, password=center_password)
conm = "/usr/bin/md5sum %s" % file_name
stdin,stdout,stderr=s.exec_command(conm)
result = stdout.readlines()[0].split()[0].strip()
s.close()
return result
except Exception,e:
return e
def back_file(ip,tar_name,tar_md5):#上传文件到备份中心
remote_dir='/data/sql'
file_name=os.path.join(remote_dir,os.path.split(tar_name)[1])
try:
t=paramiko.Transport((center_hostname,center_port))
t.connect(username=center_username,password=center_password)
sftp=paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)
sftp.put(tar_name,file_name)
t.close()
#print "%s back_file OK" % tar_name
os.remove(tar_name)
remot_md5=center_md5(file_name)
if remot_md5 == tar_md5:
log2db(ip,tar_name,tar_md5,0)
else:
log2db(ip,tar_name,tar_md5,1,'remot_md5!=tar_md5')
except Exception,e:
#print "connect error!"
log2db(ip,tar_name,tar_md5,1,e)
os.remove(tar_name)
def back_sql():#执行备份
ip = find_ip()
tar_name = "/tmp/%s.tar.gz" % ip
sql_conn = "/usr/bin/find %s -type f -name '*.sql'|/usr/bin/xargs /bin/tar zcvPf %s" % (GM_path,tar_name)
sql_tar = os.popen(sql_conn).readlines()
tar_md5 = md5sum(tar_name)
if tar_md5 != 0:
back_file(ip,tar_name,tar_md5)
else:
error_log = "%s not find" % tar_name
log2db(ip,tar_name,tar_md5,0,error_log)
class PFilePath(ProcessEvent):#文件变化的触发
def process_IN_CREATE(self, event):
if os.path.splitext(event.name)[1] == ".sql":
text = "Create file: %s " % os.path.join(event.path, event.name)
#print text
back_sql()
def process_IN_MODIFY(self, event):
if os.path.splitext(event.name)[1] == ".sql":
text = "Modify file: %s " % os.path.join(event.path, event.name)
#print text
back_sql()
def FSMonitor():#主监控函数
back_sql()#运行脚本先备份sql文件
wm = WatchManager()
mask = IN_CREATE |IN_MODIFY
notifier = Notifier(wm, PFilePath())
wdd = wm.add_watch(GM_path, mask, rec=True)
print 'now starting monitor %s' % (GM_path)
while True:
try :
notifier.process_events()
if notifier.check_events():
notifier.read_events()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
notifier.stop()
break
if __name == "__main":
FSMonitor()

此脚本中主要用到paramiko和pyinotify模块，关于paramiko的讲解可以参见：http://wangwei007.blog.51cto.com/68019/1058726一文，pyinotify的用法可以参见官方文档：https://github.com/seb-m/pyinotify/wiki/Events-types