库

• bpo-37128 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37128]: Added math.perm().

• bpo-37120 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37120]: Add SSLContext.num_tickets to control the number of TLSv1.3 session tickets.

• bpo-12202 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=12202]: Fix the error handling in msilib.SummaryInformation.GetProperty(). Patch by Zackery Spytz.

• bpo-26835 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=26835]: The fcntl module now contains file sealing constants for sealing of memfds.

• bpo-29262 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=29262]: Add get_origin() and get_args() introspection helpers to typing module.

• bpo-12639 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=12639]: msilib.Directory.start_component() no longer fails if keyfile is not None.

• bpo-36999 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36999]: Add the asyncio.Task.get_coro() method to publicly expose the tasks's coroutine object.

• bpo-35246 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35246]: Make asyncio.create_subprocess_exec() accept pathlike arguments.

• bpo-35279 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35279]: Change default max_workers of ThreadPoolExecutor from cpu_count() * 5 to min(32, cpu_count() + 4). Previous value was unreasonably large on many cores machines.

• bpo-37076 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37076]: thread.startnew_thread() now logs uncaught exception raised by the function using sys.unraisablehook(), rather than sys.excepthook(), so the hook gets access to the function which raised the exception.

• bpo-33725 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=33725]: On macOS, the multiprocessing module now uses spawn start method by default.

• bpo-37054 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37054]: Fix destructor _pyio.BytesIO and _pyio.TextIOWrapper: initialize their _buffer attribute as soon as possible (in the class body), because it's used by __del__() which calls close().

• bpo-37058 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37058]: PEP 544: Add Protocol and @runtime_checkable to the typing module.

• bpo-36933 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36933]: The functions sys.set_coroutine_wrapper and sys.get_coroutine_wrapper that were deprecated and marked for removal in 3.8 have been removed.

• bpo-37047 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37047]: Handle late binding and attribute access in unittest.mock.AsyncMock setup for autospeccing. Document newly implemented async methods in unittest.mock.MagicMock.

• bpo-37049 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37049]: PEP 589: Add TypedDict to the typing module.

• bpo-37046 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37046]: PEP 586: Add Literal to the typing module.

• bpo-37045 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37045]: PEP 591: Add Final qualifier and @final decorator to the typing module.

• bpo-37035 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37035]: Don't log OSError based exceptions if a fatal error has occurred in asyncio transport. Peer can generate almost any OSError, user cannot avoid these exceptions by fixing own code. Errors are still propagated to user code, it's just logging them is pointless and pollute asyncio logs.

• bpo-37001 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37001]: symtable.symtable() now accepts the same input types for source code as the builtin compile() function. Patch by Dino Viehland.

• bpo-37028 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37028]: Implement asyncio REPL

• bpo-37027 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37027]: Return safe to use proxy socket object from transport.get_extra_info('socket')

• bpo-32528 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=32528]: Make asyncio.CancelledError a BaseException.

This will address the common mistake many asyncio users make: an "except Exception" clause breaking Tasks cancellation.

In addition to this change, we stop inheriting asyncio.TimeoutError and asyncio.InvalidStateError from their concurrent.futures.* counterparts. There's no point for these exceptions to share the inheritance chain.

• bpo-1230540 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=1230540]: Add a new threading.excepthook() function which handles uncaught threading.Thread.run() exception. It can be overridden to control how uncaught threading.Thread.run() exceptions are handled.

• bpo-36996 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36996]: Handle unittest.mock.patch() used as a decorator on async functions.

• bpo-37008 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37008]: Add support for calling next() with the mock resulting from unittest.mock.mock_open()

• bpo-27737 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=27737]: Allow whitespace only header encoding in email.header - by Batuhan Taskaya

• bpo-36969 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36969]: PDB command args now display positional only arguments. Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre.

• bpo-36969 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36969]: PDB command args now display keyword only arguments. Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre.

• bpo-36983 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36983]: Add missing names to typing.__all__: ChainMap, ForwardRef, OrderedDict - by Anthony Sottile.

• bpo-36972 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36972]: Add SupportsIndex protocol to the typing module to allow type checking to detect classes that can be passed to hex(), oct() and bin().

• bpo-32972 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=32972]: Implement unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase to help testing asyncio-based code.

• bpo-36952 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36952]: fileinput.input() and fileinput.FileInput bufsize argument has been removed (was deprecated and ignored since Python 3.6), and as a result the mode and openhook arguments have been made keyword-only.

• bpo-36952 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36952]: Starting with Python 3.3, importing ABCs from collections is deprecated, and import should be done from collections.abc. Still being able to import from collections was marked for removal in 3.8, but has been delayed to 3.9; documentation and DeprecationWarning clarified.

• bpo-36949 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36949]: Implement repr for WeakSet objects.

• bpo-36948 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36948]: Fix NameError in urllib.request.URLopener.retrieve(). Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan.

• bpo-33524 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=33524]: Fix the folding of email header when the max_line_length is 0 or None and the header contains nonascii characters. Contributed by Licht Takeuchi (@Licht-T).

• bpo-24564 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=24564]: shutil.copystat() now ignores errno.EINVAL on os.setxattr() which may occur when copying files on filesystems without extended attributes support.

Original patch by Giampaolo Rodola, updated by Ying Wang.

• bpo-36888 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36888]: Python child processes can now access the status of their parent process using multiprocessing.process.parent_process

• bpo-36921 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36921]: Deprecate @coroutine for sake of async def.

• bpo-25652 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=25652]: Fix bug in __rmod__ of UserString - by Batuhan Taskaya.

• bpo-36916 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36916]: Remove a message about an unhandled exception in a task when writer.write() is used without await and writer.drain() fails with an exception.

• bpo-36889 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36889]: Introduce asyncio.Stream class that merges asyncio.StreamReader and asyncio.StreamWriter functionality. asyncio.Stream can work in readonly, writeonly and readwrite modes. Provide asyncio.connect(), asyncio.connect_unix(), asyncio.connectreadpipe() and asyncio.connectwritepipe() factories to open asyncio.Stream connections. Provide asyncio.StreamServer and UnixStreamServer to serve servers with asyncio.Stream API. Modify asyncio.create_subprocess_shell() and asyncio.create_subprocess_exec() to use asyncio.Stream instead of deprecated StreamReader and StreamWriter. Deprecate asyncio.StreamReader and asyncio.StreamWriter. Deprecate usage of private classes, e.g. asyncio.FlowControlMixing and asyncio.StreamReaderProtocol outside of asyncio package.

• bpo-36845 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36845]: Added validation of integer prefixes to the construction of IP networks and interfaces in the ipaddress module.

• bpo-23378 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=23378]: Add an extend action to argparser.

• bpo-36867 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36867]: Fix a bug making a SharedMemoryManager instance and its parent process use two separate resource_tracker processes.

• bpo-23896 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=23896]: Adds a grammar to lib2to3.pygram that contains exec as a function not as statement.

• bpo-36895 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36895]: The function time.clock() was deprecated in 3.3 in favor of time.perf_counter() and marked for removal in 3.8, it has removed.

• bpo-35545 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35545]: Fix asyncio discarding IPv6 scopes when ensuring hostname resolutions internally

• bpo-36887 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36887]: Add new function math.isqrt() to compute integer square roots.

• bpo-34632 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=34632]: Introduce the importlib.metadata module with (provisional) support for reading metadata from third-party packages.

• bpo-36878 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36878]: When using type_comments=True in ast.parse, treat # type: ignore followed by a non-alphanumeric character and then arbitrary text as a type ignore, instead of requiring nothing but whitespace or another comment. This is to permit formations such as # type: ignore[E1000].

• bpo-36778 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36778]: cp65001 encoding (Windows code page 65001) becomes an alias to utf_8 encoding.

• bpo-36867 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36867]: The multiprocessing.resource_tracker replaces the multiprocessing.semaphore_tracker module. Other than semaphores, resource_tracker also tracks shared_memory segments.

• bpo-30262 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=30262]: The Cache and Statement objects of the sqlite3 module are not exposed to the user. Patch by Aviv Palivoda.

• bpo-24538 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=24538]: In shutil.copystat(), first copy extended file attributes and then file permissions, since extended attributes can only be set on the destination while it is still writeable.

• bpo-36829 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36829]: Add new sys.unraisablehook() function which can be overridden to control how "unraisable exceptions" are handled. It is called when an exception has occurred but there is no way for Python to handle it. For example, when a destructor raises an exception or during garbage collection (gc.collect()).

• bpo-36832 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36832]: Introducing zipfile.Path, a pathlib-compatible wrapper for traversing zip files.

• bpo-36814 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36814]: Fix an issue where os.posix_spawnp() would incorrectly raise a TypeError when file_actions is None.

• bpo-33110 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=33110]: Handle exceptions raised by functions added by concurrent.futures add_done_callback correctly when the Future has already completed.

• bpo-26903 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=26903]: Limit max_workers in ProcessPoolExecutor to 61 to work around a WaitForMultipleObjects limitation.

• bpo-36813 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36813]: Fix QueueListener to call queue.task_done() upon stopping. Patch by Bar Harel.

• bpo-36806 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36806]: Forbid creation of asyncio stream objects like StreamReader, StreamWriter, Process, and their protocols outside of asyncio package.

• bpo-36802 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36802]: Provide both sync and async calls for StreamWriter.write() and StreamWriter.close()

• bpo-36801 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36801]: Properly handle SSL connection closing in asyncio StreamWriter.drain() call.

• bpo-36785 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36785]: Implement PEP 574 (pickle protocol 5 with out-of-band buffers).

• bpo-36772 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36772]: functools.lru_cache() can now be used as a straight decorator in addition to its existing usage as a function that returns a decorator.

• bpo-6584 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=6584]: Add a BadGzipFile exception to the gzip module.

• bpo-36748 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36748]: Optimized write buffering in C implementation of TextIOWrapper. Writing ASCII string to TextIOWrapper with ascii, latin1, or utf-8 encoding is about 20% faster. Patch by Inada Naoki.

• bpo-8138 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=8138]: Don't mark wsgiref.simple_server.SimpleServer as multithreaded since wsgiref.simple_server.WSGIServer is single-threaded.

• bpo-22640 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=22640]: py_compile.compile() now supports silent mode. Patch by Joannah Nanjekye

• bpo-29183 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=29183]: Fix double exceptions in wsgiref.handlers.BaseHandler by calling its close() method only when no exception is raised.

• bpo-36548 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36548]: Improved the repr of regular expression flags.

• bpo-36542 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36542]: The signature of Python functions can now be overridden by specifying the __textsignature_ attribute.

• bpo-36533 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36533]: Reinitialize logging.Handler locks in forked child processes instead of attempting to acquire them all in the parent before forking only to be released in the child process. The acquire/release pattern was leading to deadlocks in code that has implemented any form of chained logging handlers that depend upon one another as the lock acquisition order cannot be guaranteed.

• bpo-35252 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35252]: Throw a TypeError instead of an AssertionError when using an invalid type annotation with singledispatch.

• bpo-35900 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35900]: Allow reduction methods to return a 6-item tuple where the 6th item specifies a custom state-setting method that's called instead of the regular __setstate__ method.

• bpo-35900 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35900]: enable custom reduction callback registration for functions and classes in _pickle.c, using the new Pickler's attribute reducer_override

• bpo-36368 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36368]: Fix a bug crashing SharedMemoryManager instances in interactive sessions after a ctrl-c (KeyboardInterrupt) was sent

• bpo-31904 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31904]: Fix mmap fail for VxWorks

• bpo-27497 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=27497]: csv.DictWriter.writeheader() now returns the return value of the underlying csv.Writer.writerow() method. Patch contributed by Ashish Nitin Patil.

• bpo-36239 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36239]: Parsing .mo files now ignores comments starting and ending with #-#-#-#-#.

• bpo-26707 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=26707]: Enable plistlib to read and write binary plist files that were created as a KeyedArchive file. Specifically, this allows the plistlib to process 0x80 tokens as UID objects.

• bpo-31904 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31904]: Add posix module support for VxWorks.

• bpo-35125 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35125]: Asyncio: Remove inner callback on outer cancellation in shield

• bpo-35721 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35721]: Fix asyncio.SelectorEventLoop.subprocess_exec() leaks file descriptors if Popen fails and called with stdin=subprocess.PIPE. Patch by Niklas Fiekas.

• bpo-31855 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31855]: unittest.mock.mock_open() results now respects the argument of read([size]). Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre.

• bpo-35431 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35431]: Implement math.comb() that returns binomial coefficient, that computes the number of ways to choose k items from n items without repetition and without order. Patch by Yash Aggarwal and Keller Fuchs.

• bpo-26660 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=26660]: Fixed permission errors in TemporaryDirectory clean up. Previously TemporaryDirectory.cleanup() failed when non-writeable or non-searchable files or directories were created inside a temporary directory.

• bpo-34271 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=34271]: Add debugging helpers to ssl module. It's now possible to dump key material and to trace TLS protocol. The default and stdlib contexts also support SSLKEYLOGFILE env var.

• bpo-26467 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=26467]: Added AsyncMock to support using unittest to mock asyncio coroutines. Patch by Lisa Roach.

• bpo-33569 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=33569]: dataclasses.InitVar: Exposes the type used to create the init var.

• bpo-34424 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=34424]: Fix serialization of messages containing encoded strings when the policy.linesep is set to a multi-character string. Patch by Jens Troeger.

• bpo-34303 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=34303]: Performance of functools.reduce() is slightly improved. Patch by Sergey Fedoseev.

• bpo-33361 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=33361]: Fix a bug in codecs.StreamRecoder where seeking might leave old data in a buffer and break subsequent read calls. Patch by Ammar Askar.

• bpo-22454 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=22454]: The shlex module now exposes shlex.join(), the inverse of shlex.split(). Patch by Bo Bayles.

• bpo-31922 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31922]: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_datagram_endpoint(): Do not connect UDP socket when broadcast is allowed. This allows to receive replies after a UDP broadcast.

• bpo-24882 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=24882]: Change ThreadPoolExecutor to use existing idle threads before spinning up new ones.

• bpo-31961 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31961]: Added support for bytes and pathlike objects in subprocess.Popen() on Windows. The args parameter now accepts a pathlike object if shell is False and a sequence containing bytes and pathlike objects. The executable parameter now accepts a bytes and pathlike object. The cwd parameter now accepts a bytes object. Based on patch by Anders Lorentsen.

• bpo-33123 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=33123]: pathlib.Path.unlink now accepts a missing_ok parameter to avoid a FileNotFoundError from being raised. Patch by Robert Buchholz.

• bpo-32941 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=32941]: Allow mmap.mmap objects to access the madvise() system call (through mmap.mmap.madvise()).

• bpo-22102 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=22102]: Added support for ZIP files with disks set to 0. Such files are commonly created by builtin tools on Windows when use ZIP64 extension. Patch by Francisco Facioni.

• bpo-32515 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=32515]: trace.py can now run modules via python3 -m trace -t —module module_name

• bpo-32299 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=32299]: Changed unittest.mock.patch.dict() to return the patched dictionary when used as context manager. Patch by Vadim Tsander.

• bpo-27141 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=27141]: Added a _copy_() to collections.UserList and collections.UserDict in order to correctly implement shallow copying of the objects. Patch by Bar Harel.

• bpo-31829 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31829]: \r, \0 and \x1a (end-of-file on Windows) are now escaped in protocol 0 pickles of Unicode strings. This allows to load them without loss from files open in text mode in Python 2.

• bpo-23395 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=23395]: thread.interruptmain() now avoids setting the Python error status if the SIGINT signal is ignored or not handled by Python.

文档

• bpo-36896 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36896]: Clarify that some types have unstable constructor signature between Python versions.

• bpo-36686 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36686]: Improve documentation of the stdin, stdout, and stderr arguments of the asyncio.subprocess_exec function to specify which values are supported. Also mention that decoding as text is not supported.

Add a few tests to verify that the various values passed to the std* arguments actually work.

• bpo-36984 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36984]: Improve version added references in typing module - by Anthony Sottile.

• bpo-36868 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36868]: What's new now mentions SSLContext.hostname_checks_common_name instead of SSLContext.host_flags.

• bpo-35924 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35924]: Add a note to the curses.addstr() documentation to warn that multiline strings can cause segfaults because of an ncurses bug.

• bpo-36783 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36783]: Added C API Documentation for Time_FromTimeAndFold and PyDateTime_FromDateAndTimeAndFold as per PEP 495. Patch by Edison Abahurire.

• bpo-36797 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36797]: More of the legacy distutils documentation has been either pruned, or else more clearly marked as being retained solely until the setuptools documentation covers it independently.

• bpo-22865 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=22865]: Add detail to the documentation on the pty.spawn function.

• bpo-35397 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35397]: Remove deprecation and document urllib.parse.unwrap(). Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre.

• bpo-32995 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=32995]: Added the context variable in glossary.

• bpo-33519 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=33519]: Clarify that copy() is not part of the MutableSequence ABC.

• bpo-33482 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=33482]: Make codecs.StreamRecoder.writelines take a list of bytes.

• bpo-25735 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=25735]: Added documentation for func factorial to indicate that returns integer values

• bpo-20285 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=20285]: Expand object.doc (docstring) to make it clearer. Modify pydoc.py so that help(object) lists object methods (for other classes, help omits methods of the object base class.)

测试

• bpo-37069 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37069]: Modify test_coroutines, test_cprofile, test_generators, test_raise, test_ssl and test_yield_from to use test.support.catch_unraisable_exception() rather than test.support.captured_stderr().

• bpo-37098 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37098]: Fix test_memfd_create on older Linux Kernels.

• bpo-37081 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37081]: Test with OpenSSL 1.1.1c

• bpo-36829 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36829]: Add test.support.catch_unraisable_exception(): context manager catching unraisable exception using sys.unraisablehook().

• bpo-36915 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36915]: The main regrtest process now always removes all temporary directories of worker processes even if they crash or if they are killed on KeyboardInterrupt (CTRL+c).

• bpo-36719 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36719]: "python3 -m test -jN …" now continues the execution of next tests when a worker process crash (CHILD_ERROR state). Previously, the test suite stopped immediately. Use —failfast to stop at the first error.

• bpo-36816 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36816]: Update Lib/test/selfsigned_pythontestdotnet.pem to match selfsigned.pythontest.net's new TLS certificate.

• bpo-35925 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35925]: Skip httplib and nntplib networking tests when they would otherwise fail due to a modern OS or distro with a default OpenSSL policy of rejecting connections to servers with weak certificates.

• bpo-36782 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36782]: Add tests for several C API functions in the datetime module. Patch by Edison Abahurire.

• bpo-36342 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36342]: Fix test_multiprocessing in test_venv if platform lacks functioning sem_open.

构建

• bpo-36721 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36721]: To embed Python into an application, a new --embed option must be passed to python3-config --libs --embed to get -lpython3.8 (link the application to libpython). To support both 3.8 and older, try python3-config --libs --embed first and fallback to python3-config --libs (without --embed) if the previous command fails.

增加一个 pkg-config python3.8-embed 模块用来将 Python 嵌入到一个应用中: pkg-config python3.8-embed --libs 包含 -lpython3.8。 要同时支持 3.8 和旧版本，请先尝试 pkg-config pythonX.Y-embed --libs 并在此命令失败时回退到 pkg-config pythonX.Y --libs (即不带 --embed) （请将 X.Y 替换为 Python 版本号）。

On the other hand, pkg-config python3.8 --libs no longer contains -lpython3.8. C extensions must not be linked to libpython (except on Android, case handled by the script); this change is backward incompatible on purpose.

• bpo-36786 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36786]: "make install" now runs compileall in parallel.

Windows

• bpo-36965 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36965]: include of STATUS_CONTROL_C_EXIT without depending on MSC compiler

• bpo-35926 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35926]: Update to OpenSSL 1.1.1b for Windows.

• bpo-29883 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=29883]: Add Windows support for UDP transports for the Proactor Event Loop. Patch by Adam Meily.

• bpo-33407 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=33407]: The Py_DEPRECATED() macro has been implemented for MSVC.

macOS

• bpo-36231 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36231]: Support building Python on macOS without usrinclude installed. As of macOS 10.14, system header files are only available within an SDK provided by either the Command Line Tools or the Xcode app.

IDLE

• bpo-35610 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35610]: Replace now redundant .contextuseps1 with .prompt_last_line. This finishes change started in bpo-31858 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31858].

• bpo-37038 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37038]: Make idlelib.run runnable; add test clause.

• bpo-36958 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36958]: Print any argument other than None or int passed to SystemExit or sys.exit().

• bpo-36807 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36807]: When saving a file, call os.fsync() so bits are flushed to e.g. USB drive.

• bpo-32411 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=32411]: In browser.py, remove extraneous sorting by line number since dictionary was created in line number order.

工具/示例

• bpo-37053 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37053]: Handle strings like u"bar" correctly in Tools/parser/unparse.py. Patch by Chih-Hsuan Yen.

C API

• bpo-36763 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36763]: Implement the PEP 587 [https://peps.python.org/pep-0587/] "Python Initialization Configuration".

• bpo-36379 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36379]: Fix crashes when attempting to use the modulo parameter when __ipow__ is implemented in C.

• bpo-37107 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=37107]: Update PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs() and PyObjectCallMethodIdObjArgs to use PyObjectGetMethod to avoid creating a bound method object in many cases. Patch by Michael J. Sullivan.

• bpo-36974 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36974]: Implement PEP 590 [https://peps.python.org/pep-0590/]: Vectorcall: a fast calling protocol for CPython. This is a new protocol to optimize calls of custom callable objects.

• bpo-36763 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36763]: Py_Main() now returns the exitcode rather than calling Py_Exit(exitcode) when calling PyErr_Print() if the current exception type is SystemExit.

• bpo-36922 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36922]: Add new type flag Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR for objects behaving like unbound methods. These are objects supporting the optimization given by the LOAD_METHOD/CALL_METHOD opcodes. See PEP 590.

• bpo-36728 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36728]: The PyEval_ReInitThreads() function has been removed from the C API. It should not be called explicitly: use PyOS_AfterFork_Child() instead.

Python 3.8.0 alpha 4

发布日期: 2019-05-06

安全性

• bpo-36742 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36742]: Fixes mishandling of pre-normalization characters in urlsplit().

• bpo-30458 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=30458]: Address CVE 2019-9740 [https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2019-9740] by disallowing URL paths with embedded whitespace or control characters through into the underlying http client request. Such potentially malicious header injection URLs now cause an http.client.InvalidURL exception to be raised.

• bpo-35755 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35755]: shutil.which() now uses os.confstr("CS_PATH") if available and if the PATH environment variable is not set. Remove also the current directory from posixpath.defpath. On Unix, shutil.which() and the subprocess module no longer search the executable in the current directory if the PATH environment variable is not set.

核心与内置函数

• bpo-36722 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36722]: In debug build, import now also looks for C extensions compiled in release mode and for C extensions compiled in the stable ABI.

• bpo-32849 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=32849]: Fix Python Initialization code on FreeBSD to detect properly when stdin file descriptor (fd 0) is invalid.

• bpo-36623 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36623]: Remove parser headers and related function declarations that lack implementations after the removal of pgen.

• bpo-20180 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=20180]: dict.pop() is now up to 33% faster thanks to Argument Clinic. Patch by Inada Naoki.

• bpo-36611 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36611]: Debug memory allocators: disable serialno field by default from debug hooks on Python memory allocators to reduce the memory footprint by 5%. Enable tracemalloc to get the traceback where a memory block has been allocated when a fatal memory error is logged to decide where to put a breakpoint. Compile Python with PYMEM_DEBUG_SERIALNO defined to get back the field.

• bpo-36588 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36588]: On AIX, sys.platform doesn't contain the major version anymore. Always return 'aix', instead of 'aix3' .. 'aix7'. Since older Python versions include the version number, it is recommended to always use sys.platform.startswith('aix'). Contributed by M. Felt.

• bpo-36549 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36549]: Change str.capitalize to use titlecase for the first character instead of uppercase.

• bpo-36540 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36540]: Implement PEP 570 [https://peps.python.org/pep-0570/] (Python positional-only parameters). Patch by Pablo Galindo.

• bpo-36475 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36475]: PyEval_AcquireLock() and PyEval_AcquireThread() now terminate the current thread if called while the interpreter is finalizing, making them consistent with PyEval_RestoreThread(), Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS(), and PyGILState_Ensure().

• bpo-36504 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36504]: Fix signed integer overflow in _ctypes.c's PyCArrayType_new().

• bpo-20844 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=20844]: Fix running script with encoding cookie and LF line ending may fail on Windows.

• bpo-24214 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=24214]: Fixed support of the surrogatepass error handler in the UTF-8 incremental decoder.

• bpo-36452 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36452]: Changing dict keys during iteration of the dict itself, keys(), values(), or items() will now be detected in certain corner cases where keys are deleted/added so that the number of keys isn't changed. A RuntimeError will be raised after len(dict) iterations. Contributed by Thomas Perl.

• bpo-36459 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36459]: Fix a possible double PyMem_FREE() due to tokenizer.c's tok_nextc().

• bpo-36433 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36433]: Fixed TypeError message in classmethoddescr_call.

• bpo-36430 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36430]: Fix a possible reference leak in itertools.count().

• bpo-36440 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36440]: Include node names in ParserError messages, instead of numeric IDs. Patch by A. Skrobov.

• bpo-36143 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36143]: Regenerate keyword from the Grammar and Tokens file using pgen. Patch by Pablo Galindo.

• bpo-18372 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=18372]: Add missing PyObject_GC_Track() calls in the pickle module. Patch by Zackery Spytz.

库

• bpo-35952 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35952]: Fix pythoninfo when the compiler is missing.

• bpo-28238 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=28238]: The .find*() methods of xml.etree.ElementTree can now search for wildcards like {*}tag and {ns}* that match a tag in any namespace or all tags in a namespace. Patch by Stefan Behnel.

• bpo-26978 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=26978]: pathlib.path.link_to() is now implemented. It creates a hard link pointing to a path.

• bpo-1613500 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=1613500]: fileinput.FileInput now uses the input file mode to correctly set the output file mode (previously it was hardcoded to 'w') when inplace=True is passed to its constructor.

• bpo-36734 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36734]: Fix compilation of faulthandler.c on HP-UX. Initialize stack_t current_stack to zero using memset().

• bpo-13611 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=13611]: The xml.etree.ElementTree packages gained support for C14N 2.0 serialisation. Patch by Stefan Behnel.

• bpo-36669 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36669]: Add missing matrix multiplication operator support to weakref.proxy.

• bpo-36676 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36676]: The XMLParser() in xml.etree.ElementTree provides namespace prefix context to the parser target if it defines the callback methods "start_ns()" and/or "end_ns()". Patch by Stefan Behnel.

• bpo-36673 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36673]: The TreeBuilder and XMLPullParser in xml.etree.ElementTree gained support for parsing comments and processing instructions. Patch by Stefan Behnel.

• bpo-36650 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36650]: The C version of functools.lru_cache() was treating calls with an empty **kwargs dictionary as being distinct from calls with no keywords at all. This did not result in an incorrect answer, but it did trigger an unexpected cache miss.

• bpo-28552 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=28552]: Fix distutils.sysconfig if sys.executable is None or an empty string: use os.getcwd() to initialize project_base. Fix also the distutils build command: don't use sys.executable if it is None or an empty string.

• bpo-35755 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35755]: shutil.which() and distutils.spawn.find_executable now use os.confstr("CS_PATH") if available instead of os.defpath, if the PATH environment variable is not set. Moreover, don't use os.confstr("CS_PATH") nor os.defpath if the PATH environment variable is set to an empty string.

• bpo-25430 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=25430]: improve performance of IPNetwork.__contains__()

• bpo-30485 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=30485]: Path expressions in xml.etree.ElementTree can now avoid explicit namespace prefixes for tags (or the "{namespace}tag" notation) by passing a default namespace with an empty string prefix.

• bpo-36613 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36613]: Fix asyncio wait() not removing callback if exception

• bpo-36598 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36598]: Fix isinstance check for Mock objects with spec when the code is executed under tracing. Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan.

• bpo-18748 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=18748]: In development mode (-X dev) and in debug build, the io.IOBase destructor now logs close() exceptions. These exceptions are silent by default in release mode.

• bpo-36575 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36575]: The _lsprof module now uses internal timer same to time.perf_counter() by default. gettimeofday(2) was used on Unix. New timer has better resolution on most Unix platforms and timings are no longer impacted by system clock updates since perf_counter() is monotonic. Patch by Inada Naoki.

• bpo-33461 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=33461]: json.loads now emits DeprecationWarning when encoding option is specified. Patch by Matthias Bussonnier.

• bpo-36559 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36559]: The random module now prefers the lean internal _sha512 module over hashlib for seed(version=2) to optimize import time.

• bpo-17561 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=17561]: Set backlog=None as the default for socket.create_server.

• bpo-34373 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=34373]: Fix time.mktime() error handling on AIX for year before 1970.

• bpo-36232 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36232]: Improve error message when trying to open existing DBM database that actually doesn't exist. Patch by Marco Rougeth.

• bpo-36546 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36546]: Add statistics.quantiles()

• bpo-36050 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36050]: Optimized http.client.HTTPResponse.read() for large response. Patch by Inada Naoki.

• bpo-36522 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36522]: If debuglevel is set to >0 in http.client, print all values for headers with multiple values for the same header name. Patch by Matt Houglum.

• bpo-36492 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36492]: Deprecated passing required arguments like func as keyword arguments in functions which should accept arbitrary keyword arguments and pass them to other function. Arbitrary keyword arguments (even with names "self" and "func") can now be passed to these functions if the required arguments are passed as positional arguments.

• bpo-27181 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=27181]: Add statistics.geometric_mean().

• bpo-30427 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=30427]: os.path.normcase() relies on os.fspath() to check the type of its argument. Redundant checks have been removed from its posixpath.normcase() and ntpath.normcase() implementations. Patch by Wolfgang Maier.

• bpo-36385 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36385]: Stop rejecting IPv4 octets for being ambiguously octal. Leading zeros are ignored, and no longer are assumed to specify octal octets. Octets are always decimal numbers. Octets must still be no more than three digits, including leading zeroes.

• bpo-36434 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36434]: Errors during writing to a ZIP file no longer prevent to properly close it.

• bpo-36407 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36407]: Fixed wrong indentation writing for CDATA section in xml.dom.minidom. Patch by Vladimir Surjaninov.

• bpo-36326 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36326]: inspect.getdoc() can now find docstrings for member objects when slots is a dictionary.

• bpo-36366 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36366]: Calling stop() on an unstarted or stopped unittest.mock.patch() object will now return None instead of raising RuntimeError, making the method idempotent. Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan.

• bpo-36348 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36348]: The imap.IMAP4.logout() method no longer ignores silently arbitrary exceptions.

• bpo-31904 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31904]: Add time module support and fix test_time failures for VxWorks.

• bpo-36227 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36227]: Added support for keyword arguments default_namespace and xml_declaration in functions ElementTree.tostring() and ElementTree.tostringlist().

• bpo-36004 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36004]: Added new alternate constructors datetime.date.fromisocalendar() and datetime.datetime.fromisocalendar(), which construct date objects from ISO year, week number and weekday; these are the inverse of each class's isocalendar method. Patch by Paul Ganssle.

• bpo-35936 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35936]: modulefinder no longer depends on the deprecated imp module, and the initializer for modulefinder.ModuleFinder now has immutable default arguments. Patch by Brandt Bucher.

• bpo-35376 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35376]: modulefinder correctly handles modules that have the same name as a bad package. Patch by Brandt Bucher.

• bpo-17396 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=17396]: modulefinder no longer crashes when encountering syntax errors in followed imports. Patch by Brandt Bucher.

• bpo-35934 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35934]: Added create_server() and has_dualstack_ipv6() convenience functions to automate the necessary tasks usually involved when creating a server socket, including accepting both IPv4 and IPv6 connections on the same socket. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola in bpo-17561 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=17561].)

• bpo-23078 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=23078]: Add support for classmethod() and staticmethod() to unittest.mock.create_autospec(). Initial patch by Felipe Ochoa.

• bpo-35416 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35416]: Fix potential resource warnings in distutils. Patch by Mickaël Schoentgen.

• bpo-25451 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=25451]: Add transparency methods to tkinter.PhotoImage. Patch by Zackery Spytz.

• bpo-35082 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35082]: Don't return deleted attributes when calling dir on a unittest.mock.Mock.

• bpo-34547 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=34547]: wsgiref.handlers.BaseHandler now handles abrupt client connection terminations gracefully. Patch by Petter Strandmark.

• bpo-31658 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31658]: xml.sax.parse() now supports pathlike. Patch by Mickaël Schoentgen.

• bpo-34139 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=34139]: Remove stale unix datagram socket before binding

• bpo-33530 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=33530]: Implemented Happy Eyeballs in asyncio.create_connection(). Added two new arguments, happy_eyeballs_delay and interleave, to specify Happy Eyeballs behavior.

• bpo-33291 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=33291]: Do not raise AttributeError when calling the inspect functions isgeneratorfunction, iscoroutinefunction, isasyncgenfunction on a method created from an arbitrary callable. Instead, return False.

• bpo-31310 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31310]: Fix the multiprocessing.semaphore_tracker so it is reused by child processes

• bpo-31292 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31292]: Fix setup.py check --restructuredtext for files containing include directives.

文档

• bpo-36625 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36625]: Remove obsolete comments from docstrings in fractions.Fraction

• bpo-30840 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=30840]: Document relative imports

• bpo-36523 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36523]: Add docstring for io.IOBase.writelines().

• bpo-36425 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36425]: New documentation translation: Simplified Chinese [https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/].

• bpo-36345 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36345]: Avoid the duplication of code from Tools/scripts/serve.py in using the literalinclude directive for the basic wsgiref-based web server in the documentation of wsgiref. Contributed by Stéphane Wirtel.

• bpo-36345 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36345]: Using the code of the Tools/scripts/serve.py script as an example in the wsgiref documentation. Contributed by Stéphane Wirtel.

• bpo-36157 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36157]: Added documentation for PyInterpreterState_Main().

• bpo-33043 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=33043]: Updates the docs.python.org page with the addition of a 'Contributing to Docs' link at the end of the page (between 'Reporting Bugs' and 'About Documentation'). Updates the 'Found a Bug' page with additional links and information in the Documentation Bugs section.

• bpo-35581 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35581]: @typing.type_check_only now allows type stubs to mark functions and classes not available during runtime.

• bpo-33832 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=33832]: Add glossary entry for 'magic method'.

• bpo-32913 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=32913]: Added re.Match.groupdict example to regex HOWTO.

测试

• bpo-36719 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36719]: regrtest now always detects uncollectable objects. Previously, the check was only enabled by --findleaks. The check now also works with -jN/--multiprocess N. --findleaks becomes a deprecated alias to --fail-env-changed.

• bpo-36725 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36725]: When using multiprocessing mode (-jN), regrtest now better reports errors if a worker process fails, and it exits immediately on a worker thread failure or when interrupted.

• bpo-36454 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36454]: Change test_time.test_monotonic() to test only the lower bound of elapsed time after a sleep command rather than the upper bound. This prevents unnecessary test failures on slow buildbots. Patch by Victor Stinner.

• bpo-32424 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=32424]: Improve test coverage for xml.etree.ElementTree. Patch by Gordon P. Hemsley.

• bpo-32424 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=32424]: Fix typo in test_cyclic_gc() test for xml.etree.ElementTree. Patch by Gordon P. Hemsley.

• bpo-36635 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36635]: Add a new _testinternalcapi module to test the internal C API.

• bpo-36629 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36629]: Fix test_imap4_host_default_value() of test_imaplib: catch also errno.ENETUNREACH error.

• bpo-36611 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36611]: Fix test_sys.test_getallocatedblocks() when tracemalloc is enabled.

• bpo-36560 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36560]: Fix reference leak hunting in regrtest: compute also deltas (of reference count, allocated memory blocks, file descriptor count) during warmup, to ensure that everything is initialized before starting to hunt reference leaks.

• bpo-36565 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36565]: Fix reference hunting (python3 -m test -R 3:3) when Python has no builtin abc module.

• bpo-31904 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31904]: Port test_resource to VxWorks: skip tests cases setting RLIMIT_FSIZE and RLIMIT_CPU.

• bpo-31904 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31904]: Fix test_tabnanny on VxWorks: adjust ENOENT error message.

• bpo-36436 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36436]: Fix testcapi.pymembuffer_overflow(): handle memory allocation failure.

• bpo-31904 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31904]: Fix test_utf8_mode on VxWorks: Python always use UTF-8 on VxWorks.

• bpo-36341 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36341]: Fix tests that may fail with PermissionError upon calling bind() on AF_UNIX sockets.

构建

• bpo-36747 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36747]: Remove the stale scriptsinstall Makefile target.

• bpo-21536 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=21536]: On Unix, C extensions are no longer linked to libpython except on Android and Cygwin.

通过共享库的 Python 构建的 C 扩展现在可以被静态链接的 Python 加载了。

When Python is embedded, libpython must not be loaded with RTLD_LOCAL, but RTLD_GLOBAL instead. Previously, using RTLD_LOCAL, it was already not possible to load C extensions which were not linked to libpython, such as C extensions of the standard library built by the shared section of Modules/Setup.

distutils，python-config 和 python-config.py 已被修改。

• bpo-36707 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36707]: ./configure --with-pymalloc no longer adds the m flag to SOABI (sys.implementation.cache_tag). Enabling or disabling pymalloc has no impact on the ABI.

• bpo-36635 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36635]: Change PyAPI_FUNC(type), PyAPI_DATA(type) and PyMODINIT_FUNC macros of pyport.h when Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE is defined. The Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE define must be now be used to build a C extension as a dynamic library accessing Python internals: export the PyInit_xxx() function in DLL exports on Windows.

• bpo-31904 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31904]: Don't build the _crypt extension on VxWorks.

• bpo-36618 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36618]: Add -fmax-type-align=8 to CFLAGS when clang compiler is detected. The pymalloc memory allocator aligns memory on 8 bytes. On x86-64, clang expects alignment on 16 bytes by default and so uses MOVAPS instruction which can lead to segmentation fault. Instruct clang that Python is limited to alignment on 8 bytes to use MOVUPS instruction instead: slower but don't trigger a SIGSEGV if the memory is not aligned on 16 bytes. Sadly, the flag must be added to CFLAGS and not just CFLAGS_NODIST, since third party C extensions can have the same issue.

• bpo-36605 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36605]: make tags and make TAGS now also parse Modules/_io/*.c and Modules/_io/*.h.

• bpo-36465 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36465]: Release builds and debug builds are now ABI compatible: defining the Py_DEBUG macro no longer implies the Py_TRACE_REFS macro, which introduces the only ABI incompatibility. The Py_TRACE_REFS macro, which adds the sys.getobjects() function and the PYTHONDUMPREFS environment variable, can be set using the new ./configure --with-trace-refs build option.

• bpo-36577 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36577]: setup.py now correctly reports missing OpenSSL headers and libraries again.

• bpo-36544 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36544]: Fix regression introduced in bpo-36146 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36146] refactoring setup.py

• bpo-36508 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36508]: python-config --ldflags no longer includes flags of the LINKFORSHARED variable. The LINKFORSHARED variable must only be used to build executables.

• bpo-36503 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36503]: Remove references to "aix3" and "aix4". Patch by M. Felt.

Windows

• bpo-35920 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35920]: Added platform.win32_edition() and platform.win32_is_iot(). Added support for cross-compiling packages for Windows ARM32. Skip tests that are not expected to work on Windows IoT Core ARM32.

• bpo-36649 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36649]: Remove trailing spaces for registry keys when installed via the Store.

• bpo-34144 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=34144]: Fixed activate.bat to correctly update codepage when chcp.com returns dots in output. Patch by Lorenz Mende.

• bpo-36509 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36509]: Added preset-iot layout for Windows IoT ARM containers. This layout doesn't contain UI components like tkinter or IDLE. It also doesn't contain files to support on-target builds since Windows ARM32 builds must be cross-compiled when using MSVC.

• bpo-35941 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35941]: enum_certificates function of the ssl module now returns certificates from all available certificate stores inside windows in a query instead of returning only certificates from the system wide certificate store. This includes certificates from these certificate stores: local machine, local machine enterprise, local machine group policy, current user, current user group policy, services, users. ssl.enum_crls() function is changed in the same way to return all certificate revocation lists inside the windows certificate revocation list stores.

• bpo-36441 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36441]: Fixes creating a venv when debug binaries are installed.

• bpo-36085 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36085]: Enable better DLL resolution on Windows by using safe DLL search paths and adding os.add_dll_directory().

• bpo-36010 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36010]: Add the venv standard library module to the nuget distribution for Windows.

• bpo-29515 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=29515]: Add the following socket module constants on Windows: IPPROTO_AH IPPROTO_CBT IPPROTO_DSTOPTS IPPROTO_EGP IPPROTO_ESP IPPROTO_FRAGMENT IPPROTO_GGP IPPROTO_HOPOPTS IPPROTO_ICLFXBM IPPROTO_ICMPV6 IPPROTO_IDP IPPROTO_IGMP IPPROTO_IGP IPPROTO_IPV4 IPPROTO_IPV6 IPPROTO_L2TP IPPROTO_MAX IPPROTO_ND IPPROTO_NONE IPPROTO_PGM IPPROTO_PIM IPPROTO_PUP IPPROTO_RDP IPPROTO_ROUTING IPPROTO_SCTP IPPROTO_ST

• bpo-35947 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35947]: Added current version of libffi to cpython-source-deps. Change _ctypes to use current version of libffi on Windows.

• bpo-34060 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=34060]: Report system load when running test suite on Windows. Patch by Ammar Askar. Based on prior work by Jeremy Kloth.

• bpo-31512 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31512]: With the Windows 10 Creators Update, non-elevated users can now create symlinks as long as the computer has Developer Mode enabled.

macOS

• bpo-34602 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=34602]: Avoid failures setting macOS stack resource limit with resource.setrlimit. This reverts an earlier fix for bpo-18075 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=18075] which forced a non-default stack size when building the interpreter executable on macOS.

IDLE

• bpo-36429 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36429]: Fix starting IDLE with pyshell. Add idlelib.pyshell alias at top; remove pyshell alias at bottom. Remove obsolete name=='main' command.

工具/示例

• bpo-14546 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=14546]: Fix the argument handling in Tools/scripts/lll.py.

C API

• bpo-36763 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36763]: Fix memory leak in Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding(): release memory if the function is called twice.

• bpo-36641 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36641]: PyDoc_VAR(name) and PyDoc_STRVAR(name, str) now create static const char name[] instead of static char name[]. Patch by Inada Naoki.

• bpo-36389 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36389]: Change the value of CLEANBYTE, DEADDYTE and FORBIDDENBYTE internal constants used by debug hooks on Python memory allocators (PyMem_SetupDebugHooks() function). Byte patterns 0xCB, 0xDB and 0xFB have been replaced with 0xCD, 0xDD and 0xFD to use the same values than Windows CRT debug malloc() and free().

• bpo-36443 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36443]: Since Python 3.7.0, calling Py_DecodeLocale() before Py_Initialize() produces mojibake if the LC_CTYPE locale is coerced and/or if the UTF-8 Mode is enabled by the user configuration. The LC_CTYPE coercion and UTF-8 Mode are now disabled by default to fix the mojibake issue. They must now be enabled explicitly (opt-in) using the new PyPreInitialize() API with _PyPreConfig.

• bpo-36025 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36025]: Fixed an accidental change to the datetime C API where the arguments to the PyDate_FromTimestamp() function were incorrectly interpreted as a single timestamp rather than an arguments tuple, which causes existing code to start raising TypeError. The backwards-incompatible change was only present in alpha releases of Python 3.8. Patch by Paul Ganssle.

• bpo-35810 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35810]: Modify PyObject_Init to correctly increase the refcount of heap-allocated Type objects. Also fix the refcounts of the heap-allocated types that were either doing this manually or not decreasing the type's refcount in tp_dealloc

Python 3.8.0 alpha 3

发布日期： 2019-03-25

安全性

• bpo-36216 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36216]: Changes urlsplit() to raise ValueError when the URL contains characters that decompose under IDNA encoding (NFKC-normalization) into characters that affect how the URL is parsed.

• bpo-35121 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35121]: Don't send cookies of domain A without Domain attribute to domain B when domain A is a suffix match of domain B while using a cookiejar with http.cookiejar.DefaultCookiePolicy policy. Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan.

核心与内置函数

• bpo-36421 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36421]: Fix a possible double decref in _ctypes.c's PyCArrayType_new().

• bpo-36412 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36412]: Fix a possible crash when creating a new dictionary.

• bpo-36398 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36398]: Fix a possible crash in structseq_repr().

• bpo-36256 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36256]: Fix bug in parsermodule when parsing a state in a DFA that has two or more arcs with labels of the same type. Patch by Pablo Galindo.

• bpo-36365 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36365]: repr(structseq) is no longer limited to 512 bytes.

• bpo-36374 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36374]: Fix a possible null pointer dereference in merge_consts_recursive(). Patch by Zackery Spytz.

• bpo-36236 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36236]: At Python initialization, the current directory is no longer prepended to sys.path if it has been removed.

• bpo-36352 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36352]: Python initialization now fails with an error, rather than silently truncating paths, if a path is too long.

• bpo-36301 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36301]: Python initialization now fails if decoding pybuilddir.txt configuration file fails at startup.

• bpo-36333 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36333]: Fix leak in PyRuntimeStateFini. Contributed by Stéphane Wirtel.

• bpo-36332 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36332]: The builtin compile() can now handle AST objects that contain assignment expressions. Patch by Pablo Galindo.

• bpo-36282 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36282]: Improved error message for too much positional arguments in some builtin functions.

• bpo-30040 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=30040]: New empty dict uses fewer memory for now. It used more memory than empty dict created by dict.clear(). And empty dict creation and deletion is about 2x faster. Patch by Inada Naoki.

• bpo-36262 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36262]: Fix an unlikely memory leak on conversion from string to float in the function Pydg_strtod() used by float(str), complex(str), pickle.load(), marshal.load(), etc.

• bpo-36252 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36252]: Update Unicode databases to version 12.0.0.

• bpo-36218 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36218]: Fix a segfault occurring when sorting a list of heterogeneous values. Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre and Elliot Gorokhovsky.

• bpo-36188 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36188]: Cleaned up left-over vestiges of Python 2 unbound method handling in method objects and documentation. Patch by Martijn Pieters

• bpo-36124 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36124]: Add a new interpreter-specific dict and expose it in the C-API via PyInterpreterState_GetDict(). This parallels PyThreadState_GetDict(). However, extension modules should continue using PyModule_GetState() for their own internal per-interpreter state.

• bpo-35975 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35975]: Add a feature_version flag to ast.parse() (documented) and compile() (hidden) that allows tweaking the parser to support older versions of the grammar. In particular, if feature_version is 5 or 6, the hacks for the async and await keyword from PEP 492 are reinstated. (For 7 or higher, these are unconditionally treated as keywords, but they are still special tokens rather than NAME tokens that the parser driver recognizes.)

• bpo-31904 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31904]: Use UTF-8 as the system encoding on VxWorks.

• bpo-36048 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36048]: The __index__() special method will be used instead of __int__() for implicit conversion of Python numbers to C integers. Using the __int__() method in implicit conversions has been deprecated.

• bpo-35808 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35808]: Retire pgen and use a modified version of pgen2 to generate the parser. Patch by Pablo Galindo.

库

• bpo-36401 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36401]: The class documentation created by pydoc now has a separate section for readonly properties.

• bpo-36320 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36320]: The typing.NamedTuple() class has deprecated the fieldtypes attribute in favor of the annotations attribute which carried the same information. Also, both attributes were converted from OrderedDict to a regular dict.

• bpo-34745 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=34745]: Fix asyncio ssl memory issues caused by circular references

• bpo-36324 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36324]: Add method to statistics.NormalDist for computing the inverse cumulative normal distribution.

• bpo-36321 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36321]: collections.namedtuple() misspelled the name of an attribute. To be consistent with typing.NamedTuple, the attribute name should have been "fielddefaults" instead of "fieldsdefaults". For backwards compatibility, both spellings are now created. The misspelled version may be removed in the future.

• bpo-36297 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36297]: "unicode_internal" codec is removed. It was deprecated since Python 3.3. Patch by Inada Naoki.

• bpo-36298 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36298]: Raise ModuleNotFoundError in pyclbr when a module can't be found. Thanks to 'mental' for the bug report.

• bpo-36268 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36268]: Switch the default format used for writing tars with tarfile to the modern POSIX.1-2001 pax standard, from the vendor-specific GNU. Contributed by C.A.M. Gerlach.

• bpo-36285 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36285]: Fix integer overflows in the array module. Patch by Stephan Hohe.

• bpo-31904 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31904]: Add _signal module support for VxWorks.

• bpo-36272 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36272]: logging does not silently ignore RecursionError anymore. Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre.

• bpo-36280 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36280]: Add a kind field to ast.Constant. It is 'u' if the literal has a 'u' prefix (i.e. a Python 2 style unicode literal), else None.

• bpo-35931 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35931]: The pdb debug command now gracefully handles all exceptions.

• bpo-36251 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36251]: Fix format strings used for stderrprinter and re.Match reprs. Patch by Stephan Hohe.

• bpo-36235 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36235]: Fix CFLAGS in customize_compiler() of distutils.sysconfig: when the CFLAGS environment variable is defined, don't override CFLAGS variable with the OPT variable anymore. Initial patch written by David Malcolm.

• bpo-35807 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35807]: Update ensurepip to install pip 19.0.3 and setuptools 40.8.0.

• bpo-36139 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36139]: Release GIL when closing mmap objects.

• bpo-36179 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36179]: Fix two unlikely reference leaks in _hashopenssl. The leaks only occur in out-of-memory cases.

• bpo-36169 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36169]: Add overlap() method to statistics.NormalDist. Computes the overlapping coefficient for two normal distributions.

• bpo-36103 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36103]: Default buffer size used by shutil.copyfileobj() is changed from 16 KiB to 64 KiB on non-Windows platform to reduce system call overhead. Contributed by Inada Naoki.

• bpo-36130 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36130]: Fix pdb with skip=… when stepping into a frame without a __name__ global. Patch by Anthony Sottile.

• bpo-35652 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35652]: shutil.copytree(copy_function=…) erroneously pass DirEntry instead of a path string.

• bpo-35178 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35178]: Ensure custom warnings.formatwarning() function can receive line as positional argument. Based on patch by Tashrif Billah.

• bpo-36106 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36106]: Resolve potential name clash with libm's sinpi(). Patch by Dmitrii Pasechnik.

• bpo-36091 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36091]: Clean up reference to async generator in Lib/types. Patch by Henry Chen.

• bpo-36043 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36043]: FileCookieJar supports pathlike object. Contributed by Stéphane Wirtel

• bpo-35899 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35899]: Enum has been fixed to correctly handle empty strings and strings with non-Latin characters (ie. 'α', 'א') without crashing. Original patch contributed by Maxwell. Assisted by Stéphane Wirtel.

• bpo-21269 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=21269]: Add args and kwargs properties to mock call objects. Contributed by Kumar Akshay.

• bpo-30670 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=30670]: pprint.pp has been added to pretty-print objects with dictionary keys being sorted with their insertion order by default. Parameter sort_dicts has been added to pprint.pprint, pprint.pformat and pprint.PrettyPrinter. Contributed by Rémi Lapeyre.

• bpo-35843 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35843]: Implement __getitem__ for _NamespacePath. Patch by Anthony Sottile.

• bpo-35802 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35802]: Clean up code which checked presence of os.stat / os.lstat / os.chmod which are always present. Patch by Anthony Sottile.

• bpo-35715 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35715]: Librates the return value of a ProcessPoolExecutor _process_worker after it's no longer needed to free memory

• bpo-35493 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35493]: Use multiprocessing.connection.wait() instead of polling each 0.2 seconds for worker updates in multiprocessing.Pool. Patch by Pablo Galindo.

• bpo-35661 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35661]: Store the venv prompt in pyvenv.cfg.

• bpo-35121 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35121]: Don't set cookie for a request when the request path is a prefix match of the cookie's path attribute but doesn't end with "/". Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan.

• bpo-21478 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=21478]: Calls to a child function created with unittest.mock.create_autospec() should propagate to the parent. Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan.

• bpo-35198 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=35198]: Fix C++ extension compilation on AIX

文档

• bpo-36329 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36329]: Declare the path of the Python binary for the usage of Tools/scripts/serve.py when executing make -C Doc/ serve. Contributed by Stéphane Wirtel

• bpo-36138 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36138]: Improve documentation about converting datetime.timedelta to scalars.

• bpo-21314 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=21314]: A new entry was added to the Core Language Section of the Programming FAQ, which explaines the usage of slash(/) in the signature of a function. Patch by Lysandros Nikolaou

测试

• bpo-36234 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36234]: test_posix.PosixUidGidTests: add tests for invalid uid/gid type (str). Initial patch written by David Malcolm.

• bpo-29571 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=29571]: Fix test_re.test_locale_flag(): use locale.getpreferredencoding() rather than locale.getlocale() to get the locale encoding. With some locales, locale.getlocale() returns the wrong encoding.

• bpo-36123 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36123]: Fix race condition in test_socket.

构建

• bpo-36356 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36356]: Fix leaks that led to build failure when configured with address sanitizer.

• bpo-36146 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36146]: Add TEST_EXTENSIONS constant to setup.py to allow to not build test extensions like _testcapi.

• bpo-36146 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=36146]: Fix setup.py on macOS: only add usrinclude/ffi to include directories of _ctypes, not for all extensions.

• bpo-31904 [https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=31904]: Enable build system to cross-build for VxWorks RTOS.