Chapter 7

1. New York Post (1990).

2. The first application of the term tipping points to social behavior was in a 1957 study of racial segregation by Morton Grodzins (1957) and was more fully developed by University of Maryland economist Thomas Schelling (1978). Most recently, Malcom Gladwell's book The Tipping Point (2000) popularized the notion and brought the term further into the common vernacular.

3. See Joseph Ledoux (1998) and J. S. Morris et al. (1998).

4. See Baddely (1990) and Kolb (1983).

5. See James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling (1982) for a discussion on the theory of broken windows.