文献注解

    在前言中曾提到,我在正文中刻意避免了具体的参考文献。不过在这里还是给出一个简要的参考文献表单,以备读者索引。

    就描述性的洞见来说,詹姆士的论述无人能及:

    ·James, W.The Principles of Psychology[M]. Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1981.

    ·James, W.“Does Consciousness Exist?[M]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1977,169—83.

    从更为现代的角度给出的出色洞察,参见:

    ·Searle, J. R.The Mystery of Consciousness[M].New York:New York Review of Books,1997.

    这本书收集了塞尔(J.R.Searle)对这个领域中许多文献的评论,同时还干净利落地抓住了重要的问题。

    另一位哲学家也很好地抓住了私人性的问题:

    ·Nagel, T.Mortal Questions[M]. New York:Cambridge University Press,1979.

    从不同的途径来论述类似的问题,参见:

    ·Kim, J.Mind in a Physical World[M]. Cambridge:MIT Press,1998.

    关于取用意识的心理学理论,参见:

    ·Baars, B. J.A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness[M].Cambridge, England:Cambridge University Press,1988.

    我自己用了20多年时间尝试建立一个科学理论,成果发表在一系列书和文章中,其中参考引用了大量关于心智问题的学术文献:

    ·Edelman, G. M.,Mountcastle, V.B.TheMindfulBrain:CorticalOrganizationand the Group-Selective Theory of Higher Brain Function[M].Cambridge:MIT Press,1978.

    ·Edelman, G. M.Neural Darwinism:The Theory of Neuronal Group Selection[M].New York:Basic Books,1987.

    ·Edelman, G. M.TheRememberedPresent:ABiologicalTheoryofConsciousness[M].New York:Basic Books,1989.

    ·Edelman, G. M.Bright Air,Brilliant Fire:On the Matter of the Mind[M].New York:Basic Books,1992.

    ·Edelman, G. M.Neural Darwinism:The Theory of Neuronal Group Selection[J].Neuron,1993(10):115—125.

    ·Edelman, G. M.,Tononi, G.A Universe of Consciousness:How Matter Becomes Imagination[M].New York:Basic Books,2000.

    对简并性概念的阐释,参见:

    ·Edelman, G. M.,Gally, J.A.Degeneracy and Complexity in Biological Systems[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,2001(98):13763—13768.

    最近的两篇文章从各方面考虑了对意识的科学研究,参见:

    ·Crick, F.,Koch, C. A Framework for Consciousness[J].Nature Neuroscience,2003(6):119—26.

    ·Edelman, G. M.Naturalizing Consciousness:A Theoretical Framework[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,2003(100):5520—5524.

    后一篇文章简要阐释了这本书所阐明的观点。至于意识的神经关联的相关文献,下面这本书是出色的来源:

    ·Metzinger, T.,editor.Neural Correlates of Consciousness:Empirical and Conceptual Questions[M].Cambridge:MIT Press,2000.

    关于第9章描述的实验,参见:

    ·Leopold, D. A.,Logothetis, N.Activity Changes in Early Visual Cortex Reflect Monkey's Percepts During Binocular Rivalry.[J]Nature,1996(379):549—553.

    ·Tononi, G.,Srinivasan, R.,Russell, D. P.,Edelman, G.M.Investigating Neural Correlates of Conscious Perception by Frequency-Tagged Neuromagnetic Responses[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,1998(95):3198—3203.

    ·Srinivasan, R.,Russell, D. P.,Edelman, G.M.,Tononi, G.Increased Synchronization of Neuromagnetic Responses During Conscious Perception.[J]Journal of Neuroscience,1999(19):5435—5448.

    为了公平起见,最后也收录一些我不赞同的观点。下面列出的现代作者都与杰出的笛卡尔站在同一立场。

    ·Descartes, R.The Philosophical Works of Descartes,2 vols[M]. Cambridge, England:Cambridge University Press,1975.

    ·Popper, K.,Eccles, J. F.The Self and Its Brain[M].New York:Springer,1977.

    ·Penrose, R.Shadows of the Mind:A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness[M]. New York:Oxford University Press,1994.

    ·McGinn, C.The Problem of Consciousness:Essays Toward a Resolution[M]. Oxford:Blackwell,1996.

    ·Chalmers, D.The Conscious Mind:In Search of a Fundamental Theory[M]. New York:Oxford University Press,1996.

    如果读者还不满足,想要更长的参考文献表单,我推荐查尔莫斯(David Chalmers)的网站,网站上有带注解的纲要:

    ·http://www. u.arizona.edu/~chalmers/biblio.html

    文献的爆发式增长也证明了对意识的理解的科学前景值得期待。