Bug分支

    软件开发中,bug就像家常便饭一样。有了bug就需要修复,在Git中,由于分支是如此的强大,所以,每个bug都可以通过一个新的临时分支来修复,修复后,合并分支,然后将临时分支删除。

    当你接到一个修复一个代号101的bug的任务时,很自然地,你想创建一个分支 issue-101 来修复它,但是,等等,当前正在 dev 上进行的工作还没有提交:

    $ git status

    # On branch dev

    # Changes to be committed:

    # (use "git reset HEAD <file>…" to unstage)

    #

    # new file: hello.py

    #

    # Changes not staged for commit:

    # (use "git add <file>…" to update what will be committed)

    # (use "git checkout — <file>…" to discard changes in working directory)

    #

    # modified: readme.txt

    #

    并不是你不想提交,而是工作只进行到一半,还没法提交,预计完成还需1天时间。但是,必须在两个小时内修复该bug,怎么办?

    幸好,Git还提供了一个 stash 功能,可以把当前工作现场“储藏”起来,等以后恢复现场后继续工作:

    $ git stash

    Saved working directory and index state WIP on dev: 6224937 add merge

    HEAD is now at 6224937 add merge

    现在,用 git status 查看工作区,就是干净的(除非有没有被Git管理的文件),因此可以放心地创建分支来修复bug。

    首先确定要在哪个分支上修复bug,假定需要在 master 分支上修复,就从 master 创建临时分支:

    $ git checkout master

    Switched to branch 'master'

    Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 6 commits.

    $ git checkout -b issue-101

    Switched to a new branch 'issue-101'

    现在修复bug,需要把“Git is free software …”改为“Git is a free software …”,然后提交:

    $ git add readme.txt

    $ git commit -m "fix bug 101"

    [issue-101 cc17032] fix bug 101

    1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

    修复完成后,切换到 master 分支,并完成合并,最后删除 issue-101 分支:

    $ git checkout master

    Switched to branch 'master'

    Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 2 commits.

    $ git merge —no-ff -m "merged bug fix 101" issue-101

    Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.

    readme.txt | 2 +-

    1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

    $ git branch -d issue-101

    Deleted branch issue-101 (was cc17032).

    太棒了,原计划两个小时的bug修复只花了5分钟!现在,是时候接着回到 dev 分支干活了!

    $ git checkout dev

    Switched to branch 'dev'

    $ git status

    # On branch dev

    nothing to commit (working directory clean)

    工作区是干净的,刚才的工作现场存到哪去了?用 git stash list 命令看看:

    $ git stash list

    stash@{0}: WIP on dev: 6224937 add merge

    工作现场还在,Git把stash内容存在某个地方了,但是需要恢复一下,有两个办法:

    一是用 git stash apply 恢复,但是恢复后,stash内容并不删除,你需要用 git stash drop 来删除;

    另一种方式是用 git stash pop ,恢复的同时把stash内容也删了:

    $ git stash pop

    # On branch dev

    # Changes to be committed:

    # (use "git reset HEAD <file>…" to unstage)

    #

    # new file: hello.py

    #

    # Changes not staged for commit:

    # (use "git add <file>…" to update what will be committed)

    # (use "git checkout — <file>…" to discard changes in working directory)

    #

    # modified: readme.txt

    #

    Dropped refs/stash@{0} (f624f8e5f082f2df2bed8a4e09c12fd2943bdd40)

    再用 git stash list 查看,就看不到任何stash内容了:

    $ git stash list

    你可以多次stash,恢复的时候,先用 git stash list 查看,然后恢复指定的stash,用命令:

    $ git stash apply stash@{0}

    http://michaelliao.gitcafe.io/video/stash-fix-bug.mp4