注釋

    緒論　製造世界
    01　例見 John Lewis Gaddis, The Long Peace: Inquiries into the History of the Cold War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987)。【譯按：中譯版見約翰．劉易斯．加迪斯，《長和平：冷戰史考察》（上海：上海人民出版社有限責任公司，二○一二）。】儘管筆者同意蓋迪斯有關強權之間的戰爭為何沒有爆發的許多觀點，但我強烈反對「長和平」的說法。
    02　Odd Arne Westad, The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
    03 Marx/Engels Selected Works (Moscow: Progress, 1969), 1:26.
    04　Karl Marx, interview with the Chicago Tribune, December 1878, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels: Collected Works (New York: International Publishers, 1989), 24:578.【譯按：中譯版見〈卡．馬克思同《芝加哥論壇報》通訊員談話記〉，《中文馬克思主義文庫》：https://www.marxists.org/chinese/marx-engels/45/023.htm。】
    05 Protokoll des Parteitages der Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands: Abgehalten zu Erfurt vom 14. bis 20. Oktober 1891 [Minutes of the Party Congress of the Social Democratic Party of Germany: Held in Erfurt from October 14–October 20, 1891]. (Berlin: Verlag der Expedition des “Vorwärts,” 1891), 3–6.
    06　Friedrich Engels, “A Critique of the Draft Social-Democratic Program of 1891,” in Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels: Collected Works (New York: International Publishers, 1990), 27:227.【譯按：中譯版見〈一八九一年社會民主黨綱領草案批判〉，《中文馬克思主義文庫》：https://www.marxists.org/chinese/marx-engels/22/025.htm。】
    07　美國觀點的綜述見 Andrew Preston, Sword of the Spirit, Shield of Faith: Religion in American War and Diplomacy (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2012)。
    08　Henry James, “The American,” Atlantic Monthly 37 (June 1876): 667.
    第一章　起點
    01　轉引自 Robert W. Tucker, Woodrow Wilson and the Great War: Reconsidering America’s Neutrality, 1914–1917 (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2007), 213。
    02　Vladimir Ilich Lenin, What Is to Be Done?: Burning Questions of Our Movement (New York: International Publishers, 1929; Russian original 1902), 1.【譯按：中譯見列寧，〈怎麼辦？〉，《中文馬克思主義文庫》：https://www.marxists.org/chinese/lenin/1901-1902/index.htm。】
    03　轉引自 John Ellis, Eye-Deep in Hell: Trench Warfare in World War I (Baltimore, MD: JHU Press, 1976), 102。
    04　Karl Liebknecht, “Begründung der Ablehnung der Kriegskredite” [Reasons for the Rejection of the War Credits], Vorwärts, 3 December 1914.
    05　Wilson quoted in Robert L. Willett, Russian Sideshow: America’s Undeclared War, 1918–1920 (Washington, DC: Brassey’s, 2003), xxxi.
    06　義大利共產黨員安東尼奧．葛蘭西（Antonio Gramsci）於一九三四年評論道，福特主義是美國對歐洲的終極挑戰。「歐洲所希望的正是如俗語所說的『酒桶裡裝得滿滿的，老婆喝得醉醺醺的』。——希望在競爭能力方面具有福特主義的一切優越性，同時保存著自己的寄生蟲軍隊，這些寄生蟲吞食著依靠增加生產負擔的很大數額的剩餘價值，並破壞著歐洲在國際市場上的競爭能力。」David Forgacs, ed., The Gramsci Reader: Selected Writings 1916–1935 (New York: New York University Press, 2000), 277.【譯按：中譯版出自 Antonio Gramsci 著、葆煦譯，《獄中札記》（北京：人民出版社，一九八三），頁三八四－三八五。】更進一步的討論見 Charles S. Maier, “Between Taylorism and Technocracy: European Ideologies and the Vision of Industrial Productivity in the 1920s,” Journal of Contemporary History 5, no. 2 (1970): 27–61。
    07　Ole Hanson, Americanism versus Bolshevism (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1920), p. viii.
    08　Churchill, “Bolshevism and Imperial Sedition,” Winston S. Churchill: His Complete Speeches, 1897–1963, ed. Robert Rhodes James (New York: Chelsea House, 1974), 3:3026.
    09　Bertrand Russell, Bolshevism: Practice and Theory (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Howe, 1920), 4.
    10　Ho Chi Minh, “The Path Which Led Me to Leninism,” Edward Miller, ed., The Vietnam War: A Documentary Reader (Malden, MA: John Wiley & Sons, 2016), 8.【譯按：中譯版見《胡志明選集》第三卷（河內：越南外文出版社，一九六三），頁三四一－三四三。】
    11　Rudolf Nilsen, “Voice of the Revolution,” transl. Anthony Thompson, in Modern Scandinavian Poetry (Oslo: Dreyer, 1982), 185. 經版權所有者簡絲．歐伍德（Jens Allwood）同意使用。詩集經其先父馬丁．歐伍德（Martin Allwood）編輯出版。
    12　“Manifesto of the Communist Party of South Africa, adopted at the inaugural conference of the Party, Cape Town, 30 July 1921,” at http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/manifesto-communist-party-south-africa.
    13　W. Bruce Lincoln, Red Victory: A History of the Russian Civil War (New York: Da Capo Press, 1989), 384.
    14　Dimitry Manuilsky, The Communist Parties and the Crisis of Capitalism: Speech Delivered on the First Item of the Agenda of the XI Plenum of the E.C.C.I. held in March–April 1931 (London: Modern Books, 1931), 37. 曼努伊爾斯基（Manuilsky）為一九二九至三四年間共產國際的頭子。
    15 Report of Court Proceedings in the Case of the Anti-Soviet “Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites” Heard before the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R. Moscow, March 2–13, 1938 (Moscow: People’s Commissariat of Justice, 1938), 775.【譯按：中譯版見〈布哈林在「右派和托派反蘇聯盟」案中的最後陳述〉，《中文馬克思主義文庫》：https://www.marxists.org/chinese/bukharin/mia-chinese-bukhrin-19380312a.htm。】
    16　Steven Casey, Cautious Crusade: Franklin D. Roosevelt, American Public Opinion, and the War Against Nazi Germany (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 23.
    17　Editorial, New York Times, 24 August 1939.
    18　Entry for 7 September 1939, Georgi Dimitrov, The Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 1933–1949, ed. Ivo Banac (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008), 115.
    19　Will Kaufman, Woody Guthrie, American Radical (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2011), 1.
    20　21 July 1940 Declaration of Workers’ Organizations, in Torgrim Titlestad, Stalin midt imot: Peder Furubotn 1938–41 [Against Stalin: Peder Furubotn, 1938–1941] (Oslo: Gyldendal, 1977), 42.
    21　Fridrikh Firsov, ed., Secret Cables of the Comintern, 1933–1943 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2014), 152.
    22　舉例而言，德國共產主義者瑪加蕾特．布貝－諾伊曼（Margarete Buber-Neumann）於史達林一九三八年的清洗行動中遭到逮捕，在蘇聯的勞改營卡拉干達（Karaganda）度過兩年，然後被引渡至納粹德國，在拉文斯布呂克（Ravensbrück）集中營又度過五年。
    23　Dmitrii Volkogonov, Triumf i tragediia: politicheskii portret I.V. Stalina [Triumph and Tragedy: A Political Portrait of I.V. Stalin] (Moscow: Novosti, 1989), 2:169.
    24　Rodric Braithwaite, Moscow 1941: A City and Its People at War (New York: Vintage, 2007), 82.
    第二章　戰爭的試煉
    01　邱吉爾於一九四一年六月二十二日對英國民眾的廣播演說，收錄在 Winston Churchill, Never Give In!: The Best of Winston Churchill’s Speeches (New York: Hyperion, 2003), 289。
    02　Winston Churchill, The Second World War. Volume III: The Grand Alliance (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1950), 370.
    03　同前，330。
    04　同前，394。
    05　Woody Guthrie, “All You Fascists” (1944), Woody Guthrie Publications, http://woodyguthrie.org/Lyrics/All_You_Fascists.htm.
    06　Vladimir Pechatnov, “How Stalin and Molotov Wrote Messages to Churchill,” Russia in International Affairs 7, no. 3 (2009): 162–73.
    07　Minutes of meeting at Kremlin, 11:15 p.m., 13 August 1942, CAB127/23, Cabinet Papers, National Archives of the United Kingdom.
    08　與邱吉爾相比，羅斯福對於史達林的目標之理解更為實際。一九四四年十月英國首相在莫斯科酒酣耳熱之際，至少在某些片刻似乎相信了他與史達林就強權在東歐有百分之幾的影響力，達成了協議。
    09　Bohlen minutes, Stalin-FDR, 1 December 1943, Tehran, Foreign Relations of the United States (hereafter FRUS): The Conferences at Cairo and Tehran, 594.
    10　Communiqué Issued at the End of the Yalta Conference, 11 February 1945, FRUS: The Conference of Berlin (the Potsdam Conference), 1945, 2:1578.
    11　William D. Leahy, I Was There (New York: Whittlesey House, 1950), 315–16.
    12　轉引自 Rick Atkinson, The Guns at Last Light: The War in Western Europe, 1944–1945 (New York: Picador, 2013), 521。
    13　Milovan Djilas, Conversations with Stalin (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1962), 114.
    14　曼德爾施塔姆是他所屬世代最偉大的俄羅斯詩人之一。他於一九三八年死於西伯利亞的勞改營。在他遭到逮捕之前，對太太說：「詩只有在俄羅斯受到尊重，能讓人喪命。還有其他地方，詩是如此常見的謀殺動機？」Nadezhda Mandelstam, Hope Against Hope: A Memoir (New York: Atheneum, 1970), 159.
    15　轉引自 Steven Merritt Miner, Stalin’s Holy War: Religion, Nationalism and Alliance Politics, 1941–1945 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003), 51. 俄羅斯東正教一九四五至七○年間的牧首阿列克謝二世（Patriarch Aleksii II）與蘇聯當局合作密切。
    16　“Quit India” 原文見 Gandhi, April 1942, New York Times, 5 August 1942。
    17　Joint Declaration by President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill, as broadcast 14 August 1941, https://fdrlibrary.org/atlanticcharter.
    18　Diary, 17 July 1945, box 333, President’s Secretary’s Files, Truman Papers, Harry S. Truman Library, Independence, MO (hereafter Truman Library).
    19　Record of conversation, Truman–Molotov, 23 April 1945, FRUS 1945, 5:258.
    20　轉引自 Arnold Offner, Another Such Victory: President Truman and the Cold War, 1945–1953 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2002), 34。
    21　Prime Minister to President Truman, 12 May 1945, CHAR 20/218/109, Churchill Papers, Churchill College Archives, Cambridge, UK.
    22　Memorandum by the President’s Adviser and Assistant (Hopkins) of a Conversation During Dinner at the Kremlin in FRUS: The Conference of Berlin (The Potsdam Conference), 1945, 1:57–59.
    23　Pechatnov, “How Stalin and Molotov Wrote Messages to Churchill,” 172.
    24　Entry for 28 January 1945, in Georgi Dimitrov, The Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 1933–1949, ed. Ivo Banac (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008), 358.
    25　Hugh Dalton, High Tide and After: Memoirs, 1945–1960 (London: F. Muller, 1962), 157.
    26　Richard N. Gardner, Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy; the Origins and the Prospects of Our International Economic Order, new and expanded (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1969), xvii.
    27　Ritchie Ovendale, The English-Speaking Alliance: Britain, the United States, the Dominions and the Cold War 1945–1951 (London: Routledge, 1985), 43.
    第三章　歐洲的不對等
    01　John Vachon, Poland, 1946: The Photographs and Letters of John Vachon (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995), 5.
    02　轉引自 Keith Lowe, Savage Continent: Europe in the Aftermath of World War II (London: St. Martin’s Press, 2012), 31.
    03　Henri Van der Zee, The Hunger Winter: Occupied Holland 1944–5 (London: J. Norman & Hobhouse, 1982), 304–5.
    04　Speech at Vélodrome d’hiver, 2 October 1945, in Maurice Thorez, Oeuvres, book 5, volume 21 (Paris: Editions sociales, 1959), 203.
    05　Lowe, Savage Continent, 283.
    06　轉引自 William I. Hitchcock, The Bitter Road to Freedom: The Human Cost of Allied Victory in World War II Europe (New York: Free Press, 2009), 163。
    07　Record of conversation, Stalin–Hebrang, 9 January 1945, G. P. Murashko et al. (eds.), Vostochnaia Evropa v dokumentakh rossiiskikh arkhivov, 1944–1953 [Eastern Europe in Documents from the Russian Archives, 1944–1953] (Novosibirsk: Sibirskii khronograf, 1997), 1:118–33.
    08　Mark Kramer, “Stalin, Soviet Policy, and the Consolidation of a Communist Bloc in Eastern Europe, 1944–53,” in Stalinism Revisited: The Establishment of Communist Regimes in East-Central Europe, ed. Vladimir Tismaneanu (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2009), 69.
    09　轉引自 Adam Ulam, Understanding the Cold War: A Historian’s Personal Reflections (New York: Transaction Publishers, 2002), 277。
    10　Michael Dobbs, Six Months in 1945: FDR, Stalin, Churchill, and Truman, from World War to Cold War (New York: Random House, 2012), 121.
    11　The German Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Schulenburg) to the German Foreign Office, 10 September 1939, frames 69811–69813, serial 127, Microfilm Publication T120, Records of the German Foreign Office. Received by the Department of State, US National Archives.
    12　William D. Leahy, I Was There (New York: Whittlesey House, 1950), 315–16.
    13　Patryk Babiracki, Soviet Soft Power in Poland: Culture and the Making of Stalin’s New Empire, 1943–1957 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015), 56.
    14　Conversation between Władysław Gomułka and Stalin on 14 November 1945, Cold War International History Project Bulletin, 11 (1998), 135.
    15　轉引自 Tony Judt, Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 (London: Penguin, 2006), 200。
    16　Babiracki, Soviet Soft Power in Poland, 61.
    17　轉引自 László Borhi, Hungary in the Cold War, 1945–1956: Between the United States and the Soviet Union (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2004), 35。
    18　轉引自 István Vida, “K. J. Vorosilov marsall jelentései a Tildy kormány megalakulsásáról” [Marshal K. J. Voroshilov Reports on the Formation of the Tildy Government], Társadalmi Szemle, 1996, 2:86.
    19　Council of Foreign Ministers, Second Session, Thirteenth Informal Meeting, Palais du Luxembourg, Paris, 26 June 1946, FRUS 1946, 2:646.
    20　Harry S. Truman, Memoirs (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1955), 1:493.
    21　Winston Churchill, Never Give In!: The Best of Winston Churchill’s Speeches (New York: Hyperion, 2003), 413.
    22　凱南最初的電報全文收錄於 Kenneth M. Jensen, ed., Origins of the Cold War: The Novikov, Kennan, and Roberts “Long Telegrams” of 1946, revised edition (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 1993), 17–32.
    23　同前。
    24　Special Message to the Congress on Greece and Turkey, 12 March 1947, in Public Papers of the Presidents (hereafter PPP) Truman 1947, 179.【譯按：中譯版見〈杜魯門主義〉，美國在台協會 https://web-archive-2017.ait.org.tw/infousa/zhtw/PUBS/LivingDoc/trumandoctrine.htm。】
    25　Summary of meeting between President and Congressional Delegation, 28 February 1947, box 1, Joseph M. Jones Papers, Truman Library
    26　Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Clayton), 27 May 1947, FRUS 1947, 3:230–32.
    27　轉引自 Edward Taborsky, Communism in Czechoslovakia, 1948–1960 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1961), 20。
    28　轉引自 Olaf Solumsmoen and Olav Larssen, eds., Med EinarGerhardsen gjennom 20 år [With Einar Gerhardsen through Twenty Years] (Oslo: Tiden, 1967), 61–62。
    29　Zhdanov on the Founding of the Cominform, September 1947, in Jussi M. Hanhimäki and Odd Arne Westad, eds., The Cold War: A History in Documents and Eyewitness Accounts (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), 51–52.
    30　轉引自 Philip J. Jaffe, “The Rise and Fall of Earl Browder,” Survey 18, no. 12 (1972): 56。
    第四章　重建
    01　Summary Record of the Ninety-First Meeting of the Third Committee, 2 October 1948, in William Schabas, ed., The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: The Travaux Préparatoires (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 3:2058.
    02　轉引自 John C. Culver and John Hyde, American Dreamer: The Life and Times of Henry A. Wallace (New York: Norton, 2001), 457。
    03　有關尼澤，見 David Milne, Worldmaking: The Art and Science of American Diplomacy (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015), 268–325。
    04　NSC 68: “United States Objectives and Programs for National Security: A Report to the President” (April 7, 1950). FRUS 1950, 1:235–311.
    05　同前。
    06　最佳的綜論為 David Kynaston, Austerity Britain, 1945–51 (London: Bloomsbury, 2007)。
    07　轉引自 Michael Dobbs, Six Months in 1945: FDR, Stalin, Churchill, and Truman—from World War to Cold War (New York: Knopf, 2012), 205。
    08 Hansard, series 5, vol. 452, House of Commons Debates, 30 June 1948, 2226.
    09　Barry Eichengreen, The European Economy Since 1945: Coordinated Capitalism and Beyond (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007), especially 52–84.
    10　Alessandro Brogi, Confronting America: The Cold War Between the United States and the Communists in France and Italy (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2011), 116.
    11　Raymond Aron, The Opium of the Intellectuals (New York: Transaction, 2011 [1955]), 55.【譯按：雷蒙．阿隆著，呂一民、顧杭譯，《知識分子的鴉片》（南京：譯林出版社，二○一二）。】
    12　Entry for 8 August 1947, in Georgi Dimitrov, The Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 1933–1949, ed. Ivo Banac (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008), 422.
    13　“The Situation of the Writer in 1947,” in Jean Paul Sartre, What Is Literature? (Charleston, SC: Nabu Press, 2011 [1947]), 225.
    14　Thomas Assheuer and Hans Sarkowicz, Rechtsradikale in Deutschland: die alte und die neue Rechte [Right-wing Radicals in Germany: The Old and the New Right] (Munich: Beck, 1990), 112.
    15　Willy Brandt, My Road to Berlin (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1960), 184–98.
    16　轉引自 Lawrence S. Kaplan, NATO 1948: The Birth of the Transatlantic Alliance (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007), 208。
    17　Togliatti speech, 12 March 1949, Royal Institute of International Affairs, ed., Documents on International Affairs 1949–50, 254–56.
    18 The Papers of General Lucius D. Clay: Germany, 1945–1949, ed. Jean Edward Smith (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1974), 568–69.
    19　Senator Joseph McCarthy speech, 9 February 1950, in William T. Walker, ed., McCarthyism and the Red Scare: A Reference Guide (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011), 137–42.
    20　Amir Weiner, “Saving Private Ivan: From What, Why, and How?,” Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 1, no. 2 (2000): 305–36; Amir Weiner, “The Empires Pay a Visit: Gulag Returnees, East European Rebellions, and Soviet Frontier Politics,” Journal of Modern History 78, no. 2 (2006): 333–76; and Elena Zubkova, Russia After the War: Hopes, Illusions and Disappointments, 1945–1957 (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1998), 106.
    21　Dimitrov, Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 1933–1949, 414.
    22　同前，437。
    23　Mark Harrison, “The Soviet Union after 1945: Economic Recovery and Political Repression,” Past & Present 210, no. 6 (2011): 103–20; Vladimir Popov, “Life Cycle of the Centrally Planned Economy: Why Soviet Growth Rates Peaked in the 1950s,” CEFIR/NES Working Paper Series (Moscow: Centre for Economic and Financial Research at the New Economic School, 2010).
    第五章　新的亞洲
    01　轉引自 Mark Gayn, Japan Diary (New York: W. Sloane Associates, 1948), 227。
    02　“Basic Initial Post-Surrender Directive,” August 1945, Political Reorientation of Japan. Report of the Government Section, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, vol. 2 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1949), appendix A, 423–26.
    03　Gayn, Japan Diary, 231.
    04　George Kennan, “Recommendations with Respect to U.S. Policy Toward Japan,” 25 March 1948, FRUS 1948, 6:692.
    05 Security Treaty Between the United States of America and Japan. Treaties and Other International Acts Series, 2491 N (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1952).
    06　轉引自 Odd Arne Westad, Decisive Encounters: The Chinese Civil War, 1946–1950 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003), 160。
    07　Record of conversation, Mikoyan－Mao Zedong, 5 February 1949 (Xibaipo), Arkhiv Prezidenta Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Archives of the President of the Russian Federation] (hereafter APRF), fond 39, opis 1, delo 39, p. 71.
    08　Frank Dikötter, The Tragedy of Liberation: A History of the Chinese Revolution, 1945–57 (London: Bloomsbury, 2014), 100.
    09　其中一位是七十四歲的商人和慈善家陳嘉庚，他的橡膠園和鋼鐵廠使他成為東南亞最富有的人之一。見 Lim Jin Li, “New China and Its Qiaowu: The Political Economy of Overseas Chinese Policy in the People’s Republic of China, 1949–1959,” PhD thesis, London School of Economics, 2016。
    10　轉引自 V. N. Khanna, Foreign Policy of India, 6th ed. (New Delhi: Vikas, 2007), 112。
    11 Le Figaro, 5 January 1950.
    12　E. E. Spalding, The First Cold Warrior: Harry Truman, Containment, and the Remaking of Liberal Internationalism (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2007), 181.
    13　NSC 68: “United States Objectives and Programs for National Security: A Report to the President,” 7 April 1950, FRUS 1950, 1:260.
    14　Jonathan Bell, The Liberal State on Trial: The Cold War and American Politics in the Truman Years (New York: Columbia University Press, 2013), 92.
    15 The Wall Street Journal, 8 August 1949.
    16　最好的綜覽是 Fredrik Logevall, Embers of War: The Fall of an Empire and the Making of America’s Vietnam (New York: Random House, 2012)。
    17　Eisenhower to Hazlett, 27 April 1954, in The Papers of Dwight D. Eisenhower (Baltimore, MA: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 15:1044.
    18　Eisenhower news conference, 7 April 1954, in FRUS 1952–1954, vol.8, part 1, 1281.
    19　轉引自 Robert Beisner, Dean Acheson: A Life in the Cold War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 217。
    20　Berry to Matthews, 8 February 1952, FRUS 1952–1954, vol. 11, part 2, 1634.
    21　Diary entry for 21 July 1947, Harry S. Truman diary, Truman Library, at http://www.trumanlibrary.org/diary/page21.htm.
    22　轉引自 J. Philipp Rosenberg, “The Cheshire Ultimatum: Truman’s Message to Stalin in the 1946 Azerbaijan Crisis,” Journal of Politics 41, no. 3 (1979): 933–40。
    23　Stalin to Pishevari (Democratic Party of Azerbaijian), 8 May 1946, Arkhiv vneshnei politiki Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Federation] (hereafter AVPRF), f. 06, op. 7, pa. 34, d. 544, pp. 8–9.
    24　Gabriel Gorodetsky, “The Soviet Union’s Role in the Creation of the State of Israel,” Journal of Israeli History 22, no. 1 (2003): 4–20.
    25　Jawaharlal Nehru, The Discovery of India (Calcutta: Signet Press, 1948), 12–13.
    26　同前。
    27　Eisenhower notes, 29 April 1950, The Papers of Dwight D. Eisenhower (Baltimore, MA: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981), 11:1092.
    第六章　韓國的悲劇
    01　轉引自 Young Ick Lew, The Making of the First Korean President: Syngman Rhee’s Quest for Independence, 1875–1948 (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2014), 194。
    02　Rhee to US State Department, 5 June 1945, quoted in Young Ick Lew, The Making of the First Korean President, 232.
    03　轉引自 Vladimir Tikhonov, Modern Korea and Its Others: Perceptions of the Neighbouring Countries and Korean Modernity (London: Routledge, 2015), 21。
    04　Instructions for ambassador in Korea (Shtykov), 24 September 1949, AVPRF, f. 059a, op. 5a, pa. 11, d. 3, p. 76.
    05　最佳的綜覽為 Chen Jian 〔陳兼〕, China’s Road to the Korean War: The Making of the Sino-American Confrontation (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994)。
    06　沈志華，《毛澤東、斯大林與韓戰：中蘇最高機密檔案》（香港：天地，一九九八），頁一三○。
    07　Stalin to Mao Zedong, 1 October 1950, APRF, f. 45, op. 1, d. 334, pp. 99–103.
    08　Mao Zedong to Stalin, 2 October 1950, APRF, f. 45, op. 1, d. 334, pp. 105–6.
    09　Stalin to Mao Zedong, 5 October 1950, quoted in Stalin to Kim Il-sung, 7 October 1950, APRF, f. 45, op. 1, d. 347, pp. 65–67.
    10　轉引自 “Historical Notes: Giving Them More Hell,” Time, 3 December 1973。
    11　Stalin to Mao Zedong, 5 June 1951, APRF, f. 45, op. 1, d. 339, pp. 17–18.
    12　轉引自 Hajimu Masuda, Cold War Crucible: The Korean Conflict and the Postwar World (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015), 85。
    13　Radio and Television Report to the American People on the National Emergency, 15 December 1950, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States. Harry S. Truman. Containing the Public Messages, Speeches, and Statements of the President, January 1 to December 31, 1950 (Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1965) (hereafter only PPP [president, year]), 741.
    14　De Gaulle in Le Monde, 13 July 1950.
    15　轉引自 Richard Peters and Xiaobing Li, eds., Voices from the Korean War: Personal Stories of American, Korean, and Chinese Soldiers (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2014), 184。
    16　Marguerite Higgins, “Reds in Seoul Forcing G.I.s to Blast City Apart,” New York Herald Tribune, 25 September 1950.
    17　轉引自 Peters and Li, Voices from the Korean War, 245。
    18　Steven Casey, Selling the Korean War: Propaganda, Politics, and Public Opinion in the United States, 1950–1953 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 205–6.
    19　Jim G. Lucas, “One Misstep Spells Death in Korea,” New York World Telegram, 7 January 1953.
    20　Byoung-Lo Philo Kim, Two Koreas in Development: A Comparative Study of Principles and Strategies of Capitalist and Communist Third World Development (New York: Transaction, 1995), 168.
    第七章　東半球
    01　由於空間有限，本書未及探討阿爾巴尼亞共產主義的命運。有興趣的讀者請參閱 Elidor Mëhilli的傑作 From Stalin to Mao: Albania and the Socialist World (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2017)。
    02　Martin Mevius, Agents of Moscow: The Hungarian Communist Party and the Origins of Socialist Patriotism 1941–1953 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 81.
    03　英國哲學家以撒．柏林（Isaiah Berlin）評論道：「然後會導致毀滅、流血——蛋被打破了，但還看不到歐姆蛋的蹤影，有無盡數量的蛋——人命——等著被打破。最終，狂熱的理想主義者忘了歐姆蛋，只顧著繼續把蛋打破。」“A Message to the 21st Century,” The New York Review of Books, 23 October 2014.
    04　波蘭是一大例外，這項數字從未超過六三％。
    05　Otto Grotewohl, Im Kampf um die einige Deutsche Demokratische Republik. Reden und Aufsätze [In Battle for the United German Democratic Republic: Speeches and Publications], vol. 1 (Berlin: Dietz, 1954), 510.
    06　Stefan Doernberg and Deutsches Institut für Zeitgeschichte, Kurze Geschichte der DDR [Short History of the GDR] (Berlin: Dietz, 1968), 239, 241.
    07　“Die Lösung” [The Solution], Bertolt Brecht, in Gedichte [Poems], vol. 7 (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1964), 9.
    08　Michael Parrish, The Lesser Terror: Soviet State Security, 1939–1953 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996), 270.
    09　轉引自 Miriam Dobson, Khrushchev’s Cold Summer: Gulag Returnees, Crime, and the Fate of Reform After Stalin (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009), 30。
    10　轉引自 William Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era (New York: Norton, 2003), 242。
    11　轉引自 Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine, Mao: The Real Story (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012), 409。
    12　見 Csaba Békés, “East Central Europe, 1953–1956,” in The Cambridge History of the Cold War, ed. Melvyn P. Leffler and Odd Arne Westad, vol. 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 334–52。
    13　見 Laurien Crump, The Warsaw Pact Reconsidered: International Relations in Eastern Europe, 1955–1969 (New York: Routledge, 2015)。
    14　蘇聯對外政策的最佳綜述為 Vladislav Zubok, A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007) 以及 Jonathan Haslam, Russia’s Cold War : From the October Revolution to the Fall of the Wall (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011)。
    15 For a Lasting Peace, for a People’s Democracy!, no. 41 (1951): 1–4.
    16　Radio Free Europe background report, 6 June 1958, quoting the Yugoslav paper Slovenski poročevalec, 72–4-242, RFE Collection, Open Society Archives, Budapest.
    17　見 Svetozar Rajak, Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union in the Early Cold War: Reconciliation, Comradeship, Confrontation, 1953–57 (London: Routledge, 2011)。
    18　Transcript of CPSU Central Committee Plenum, 12 July 1955, f.2, op.1, d.176, pp. 282–95, Russian State Archive of Contemporary History (hereafter RGANI).
    19　赫魯雪夫的完整談話收錄在 [US] Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the 84th Congress, 2nd Session (May 22, 1956–June 11, 1956), C11, Part 7 (June 4, 1956), 9389–403。【譯按：中文版見赫魯曉夫，〈關於個人崇拜及其後果〉，《中文馬克思主義文庫》：https://www.marxists.org/chinese/reference-books/sino-soviet-debate/19560225.htm。】
    20　Record of Conversation, Mao Zedong–Pavel Iudin, 31 March 1956, AVPRF, f. 0100, op. 49, pa. 410, d. 9, pp. 87–98.【譯按：鐵托即狄托。】
    21　“Gomułka’s Notes from the 19–20 October [1956] Polish-Soviet Talks,” 19 October 1956, Cold War International History Project Digital Archives, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, (hereafter CWIHPDA), http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/116002.
    22　Sándor Petőfi, “The Nemzeti Dal” [National Song], 1848, trans. Laszlo Korossy, http://laszlokorossy.net/magyar/nemzetidal.html.
    23　“Account of a Meeting at the CPSU CC, on the Situation in Poland and Hungary,” 24 October 1956, CWIHPDA, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112196.
    24　轉引自 Békés, “East Central Europe, 1953–1956,” 350。
    25　John Sadovy, quoted in Carl Mydans and Shelley Mydans, The Violent Peace (New York: Atheneum, 1968), 194.
    26　同前。
    27　Csaba Békés, “The 1956 Hungarian Revolution and the Declaration of Neutrality,” Cold War History 6, no. 4 (2006): 477–500.
    28　轉引自 Paul Lendvai, One Day That Shook the Communist World: The 1956 Hungarian Uprising and Its Legacy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010), 152。
    29　Leonid Brezhnev, Tselina [Virgin Lands] (Moscow: Politizdat, 1978), 12.
    30　Roald Sagdeev, The Making of a Soviet Scientist: My Adventures in Nuclear Fusion and Space from Stalin to Star Wars (New York: Wiley, 1994), 286.
    第八章　製造西方
    01　Tom Lehrer, “MLF Lullaby,” on That Was the Year That Was, 1965 recording, at http://www.metrolyrics.com/mlf-lullaby-lyrics-tom-lehrer.html.
    02 The Schuman Declaration (Brussels: European Commission, 2015), 17.
    03　20 September 1949: Regierungserklärung des Bundeskanzlers vor dem Deutschen Bundestag [Government Policy Statement to the GermanParliament], http://www.konradadenauer.de/dokumente/erklarungen/regierungserklarung.
    04　戴高樂於一九六三年四月十九日的收音機廣播，收錄於 Charles de Gaulle, Discours et messages (Paris: Plon, 1970), 4:95。
    05　轉引自 Giovanni Arrighi, “The World Economy and the Cold War, 1970–1990,” in The Cambridge History of the Cold War, ed. Melvyn P. Leffler and Odd Arne Westad (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 3:23–44。
    06　John Foster Dulles speech at the Council on Foreign Relations, in State Department Bulletin, vol. 30, no. 761, 25 January 1954, 107–10.
    07　James C. Hagerty, diary entry for 25 February 1954, James C. Hagerty Papers, box 1, January 1–April 6, 1954, Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, Kansas (下稱 Eisenhower Library).
    08　轉引自 Thomas Borstelmann, The Cold War and the Color Line: American Race Relations in the Global Arena (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009), 90。
    09　Remarks of Senator John F. Kennedy in the Senate, 14 August 1958, John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, MA (hereafter Kennedy Library), https://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Research-Aids/JFK-Speeches/United-States-Senate-Military-Power_19580814.aspx.
    10　Churchill to Eisenhower, 13 April 1953, FRUS 1952–54, vol. 6, part 1, 973.
    11　Memorandum for the record of the President’s dinner, President’s villa, Geneva, 18 July 1955, FRUS 1955–1957, 5:376.
    12　Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, 3 January 1961, FRUS 1961–1963, 24:5.
    13　轉引自 Fred I. Greenstein and Richard H. Immerman, “What Did Eisenhower Tell Kennedy about Indochina? The Politics of Misperception,” Journal of American History 79, no. 2 (1992): 576。
    14　Memorandum of Cabinet Meeting, 19 January 1961, FRUS 1961–1963, 24:21.
    第九章　中國的災禍
    01　R. J. Rummel, Death by Government, at http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/NOTE1.HTM.
    02　最佳的綜論為牛軍，《冷戰與新中國外交的緣起（一九四九－一九五五）》（北京：社會科學文獻，二○一二）。
    03　見 Frederick C. Teiwes and Warren Sun, The Politics of Agricultural Cooperativization in China: Mao, Deng Zihui, and the “High Tide” of 1955 (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1993)。
    04　轉引自 Zhu Dandan, “The Double Crisis: China and the Hungarian Revolution of 1956” (PhD thesis, LSE, 2009), 181。亦見氏著 1956: Mao’s China and the Hungarian Crisis, Cornell East Asia Series, vol. 170 (Ithaca, NY: East Asia Program, Cornell University, 2013)。
    05　Zhihua Shen and Yafeng Xia, “The Great Leap Forward, the People’s Commune and the Sino-Soviet Split,” Journal of Contemporary China 20, no. 72 (2011): 865.【譯按：中文原文出處見薄一波，《若干重大決策與事件的回顧》（下）（河北：中共中央黨校出版，一九九一），頁六九四－六九五。】
    06　殘酷的記述見 Yang Jisheng, Tombstone: The Great Chinese Famine, 1958–1962 (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012)。【譯按：中文版見楊繼繩，《墓碑：中國六十年代大飢荒紀實》（香港：天地出版，二○○九）。】
    07　轉引自 Zhihua Shen and Yafeng Xia, Mao and the Sino–Soviet Partnership, 1945–1959: A New History (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015), 289。
    08　Shen and Xia, “The Great Leap Forward, the People’s Commune and the Sino-Soviet Split,” 868, 874.
    09　Record of conversation, Mao Zedong–Pavel Iudin, 22 July 1958, in Odd Arne Westad, ed., Brothers in Arms: The Rise and Fall of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945–1963 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000), 348.【譯按：中文版見毛澤東，〈同蘇聯駐華大使尤金的談話〉：http://www.yhcw.net/famine/Documents/mzdwj/mx07385.htm#tail。】
    10　引自 Westad, Brothers in Arms, 23。【譯按：中文版見毛澤東，《建國以來毛澤東文稿》第八冊（北京：中央文獻出版社，一九九八），頁三六八。】
    11　Record of conversation, Mao Zedong–N.S. Khrushchev, 2 July 1959, APRF, f. 52, op. 1, d. 499, pp. 1–33.
    12　Mao notes, quoted in Westad, Brothers in Arms, 24.【譯按：中文版見毛澤東，《建國以來毛澤東文稿 》第八冊（北京：中央文獻出版社，一九九八），頁五九九－六○一。】
    13　Mao Zedong, “A lu shih” [Winter Clouds], 26 December 1962, at Marxist Internet Archive, https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selectedworks/poems/poems33.htm.【譯按：毛澤東，〈七律．冬雲〉。】
    14　轉引自 Jeremy Friedman, Shadow Cold War: The Sino-Soviet Competition for the Third World (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2015), 170。
    15　Record of conversation, Mao-Khrushchev, 2 October 1959, CWIHPDA, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112088.
    16　Niu Jun, 1962: The Eve of the Left Turn in China’s Foreign Policy, Cold War International History Project Working Paper 48 (Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center, 2005), 33.【譯按：中譯本見牛軍，〈一九六二：中國對外政策「左」轉的前夜〉，《歷史研究》3（二○○三）。】
    17　轉引自 Dong Wang, “From Enmity to Rapprochement: Grand Strategy, Power Politics, and U.S.-China Relations, 1961–1974” (PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 2007), 201.
    18　〈毛主席的談話 21/12/1965 於杭州〉，作者自藏。
    19　轉引自 Roderick MacFarquhar and Michael Schoenhals, Mao’s Last Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2006), 47.【譯按：麥克法夸爾、沈邁克著，關心譯，《毛澤東最後的革命》（香港：星克爾出版，二○○九），頁四九。】
    20　轉引自 Michael Schoenhals, ed., China’s Cultural Revolution, 1966–1969: Not a Dinner Party (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1996), 106。【譯按：〈三審王光美〉，《清華大學〈井岡山〉報》，可見於博訊新聞網：https://news.boxun.com/news/gb/z_special/2003/08/200308011331.shtml。】
    21　見 Donald S. Sutton, “Consuming Counterrevolution: The Ritual and Culture of Cannibalism in Wuxuan, Guangxi, China, May to July 1968,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 37, no. 1 (1995): 136–72。
    22　“The DPRK Attitude Toward the So-Called ‘Cultural Revolution’ in China,” 7 March 1967, CWIHPDA, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/114570.
    23　轉引自 Yang Kuisong, “The Sino-Soviet Border Clash of 1969: From Zhenbao Island to Sino-American Rapprochement,” Cold War History 1, no. 1 (2000)。【譯按：中文版見楊奎松，〈1969：中蘇戰爭即將爆發？——從珍寶島事件到緩和對美關係〉，《黨史研究資料》12（一九九七）。】
    24　轉引自 MacFarquhar and Schoenhals, Mao’s Last Revolution, 335。
    25 Klassekampen [newspaper], 19 September 1973.
    第十章　打破帝國
    01　轉引自 William Roger Louis and Judith Brown, The Oxford History of the British Empire, Volume IV: The Twentieth Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 331。
    02　轉引自 Louis and Brown, Oxford History of the British Empire, 4:350。
    03　轉引自 Ebrahim Norouzi, The Mossadegh Project, 11 October 2011, http://www.mohammadmossadegh.com/biography/tudeh/。
    04 Africa-Asia Speaks from Bandung (Jakarta: Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1955), 19–29.
    05　Discours de Gamal Abdel Nasser, 26 juillet 1956, in La Documentation française, eds., “Notes et études documentaires: Écrits et Discours du colonel Nasser,” 20.08.1956, no. 2.206 (Paris: La Documentation française, 1956), 16–21.
    06　轉引自 Donald Neff, Warriors at Suez: Eisenhower Takes America into the Middle East (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1981), 376。
    07　埃及駐美大使館始終有被告知美方的思維；見 Egyptian Embassy Washington to Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 17 August 1956, 0078-032203-0034, National Archives of Egypt, Cairo。
    08　Eisenhower televised address, 20 February 1957, Public Papers of the Presidents: Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1957, pp. 151–52.
    09　Prime Minister’s Lok Sabha speech, 19 November 1956, Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006), 2nd series, 35:362.
    10　Prime Minister’s Lok Sabha speech, 20 November 1956, Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, 2nd series, 35:372.
    11　轉引自 Jean-Pierre Vernant, Passé et présent: contributions à une psychologie historique (Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, 1995), 1:112。
    12　Aimé Césaire’s letter to Maurice Thorez, 24 October 1956, Social Text 103, vol. 28, no. 2 (2010): 148.
    13　NSC 5910/1, “Statement of U.S. policy on France,” 4 November 1959, FRUS 1958–1960, volume 7, part 2.
    14　轉引自 J. Ayodele Langley, Ideologies of Liberation in Black Africa, 1856–1970: Documents on Modern African Political Thought from Colonial Times to the Present (London: R. Collings, 1979), 25–26.
    15　Lenin note, 30 December 1922, Lenin: Collected Works (Moscow: Progress, 1970), 36:593–611.【譯按：中譯見列寧，〈關於民族或「自治化」問題〉，《列寧全集》第四十三卷。】
    16　“Khrushchev Report on Moscow Conference, 6 January 1961,” USSR: Khrushchev reports, 1961, Countries, President’s Office Files, Presidential Papers, Papers of John F. Kennedy, Kennedy Library.
    17　KPS Menon to Ministry of External Affairs, 24 February 1956, MEA 26(22)Eur/56(Secret), p. 8, National Archives of India, New Delhi.
    18　Memorandum of Discussion at the 452d Meeting of the National Security Council, 21 July 1960, FRUS 1958–1960, vol. 14:339.
    19　Speech at the opening of the All-African Conference in Leopoldville, 25 August 1960, Patrice Lumumba: Fighter for Africa’s Freedom (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1961), 19–25.
    20　Khrushchev to Lumumba, 15 July 1960, in Vladimir Brykin, ed., SSSR i strany Afriki, 1946–1962 gg. : dokumenty i materialy [The USSR and African Countries, 1946–1962: Documents and Materials] (Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoi i nauchnoi literatury, 1963), 1:562.
    21　“Sukarno, 1 September 1961,” Non-Aligned Nations summit meeting, Belgrade, 1961, Subjects, President’s Office Files, Presidential Papers, Papers of John F. Kennedy, Kennedy Library.
    第十一章　甘迺迪的偶發事件
    01　Eisenhower televised address, 17 January 1961, Public Papers of the Presidents: Dwight D. Eisenhower 1960–1961, 421.
    02　John F. Kennedy inaugural address, 20 January 1961, Public Papers of the Presidents: John F. Kennedy 1961, 1–2.
    03　Robert F. Kennedy Oral History Interview, JFK #1, John F. Kennedy Library.
    04　James A. Yunker, Common Progress: The Case for a World Economic Equalization Program (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000), 37.
    05　Statement by the President, 1 March 1961, Public Papers of the Presidents: John F. Kennedy 1961, 135.
    06　Memorandum of Conference with President Kennedy, 25 January 1961, FRUS 1961–1963, 24:43.
    07　Record of Meeting of Comrade N. S. Khrushchev with Comrade W. Ulbricht, 30 November 1960, CWIHPDA, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112352.
    08　轉引自 William Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era (New York: Norton, 2003), 488。
    09　Kennedy-Khrushchev meeting, Vienna, 3 June 1961, FRUS 1961–1963, 5:184.
    10　Kennedy-Khrushchev meeting, Vienna, 4 June 1961, FRUS 1961–1963, 5:230.
    11　轉引自 Taubman, Khrushchev, 500。
    12　同前，503。
    13　同前，505。
    14　轉引自 Helen Pidd, “Berlin Wall 50 Years on: Families Divided, Loved Ones Lost,” The Guardian, 12 August 2011。
    15　Brandt speech, 13 August 1961, Chronik der Mauer, http://www.chronik-der-mauer.de.
    16　“Rough Notes from a Conversation (Gromyko, Khrushchev and Gomulka) on the International Situation, [October 1961],” CWIHPDA, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112004.
    17　16 October 1961 (mobile loudspeaker stations), Chronik der Mauer, http://www.chronik-der-mauer.de.
    18　轉引自 Michael Beschloss, The Crisis Years: Kennedy and Khrushchev, 1960–1963 (New York: Edward Burlingame Books, 1991), 278。
    19　轉引自 Marc Trachtenberg, A Constructed Peace: The Making of the European Settlement, 1945–1963 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999), 334。
    20　轉引自 Leycester Coltman, The Real Fidel Castro (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003), 39。
    21　Ed Cony, “A Chat on a Train: Dr. Castro Describes His Plans for Cuba,” Wall Street Journal, 22 April 1959.
    22　Speech by Premier Fidel Castro at mass rally in Havana, 27 October 1959, Castro Speech Database, http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/castro/db/1959/19591027.html.
    23　轉引自 Christopher M. Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World (New York: Basic Books, 2005), 36.
    24　7 October 1960 Debate Transcript, Commission on Presidential Debates, http://www.debates.org/index.php?page=october-7–1960-debatetranscript.
    25　轉引自 Christopher M. Andrew, For the President’s Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency from Washington to Bush (New York: HarperCollins, 1995), 259。
    26　Castro Interrogates Invasion Prisoners, 27 April 1961, CastroSpeeches Database, http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/castro/db/1961/19610427.html.
    27　Conversation with Commandante Ernesto Guevara, 22 August 1961, National Security Archive Digital Archive (hereafter NSA-DA), https://nsarchive.wordpress.com/2012/02/03/document-friday-che-guevarathanks-the-united-states-for-the-bay-of-pigs-invasion/.
    28　Castro Denounces US Aggression, 23 April 1961, Castro Speeches Database, http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/castro/db/1961/19610423.html.
    29　Hugh Sidey, “The Lesson John Kennedy Learned from the Bay of Pigs,” Time, 16 April 2001.
    30　Memorandum from the Attorney General (Kennedy) to President Kennedy, 19 April 1961, FRUS 1961–1963, 10:304.
    31　轉引自 Muhammad Haykal, The Sphinx and the Commissar: The Rise and Fall of Soviet Influence in the Middle East (New York: Harper & Row, 1978), 98。
    32　轉引自 Taubman, Khrushchev, 541。
    33　Record of conversation, Kennedy–Gromyko, 18 October 1962, FRUS 1961–1963, 11:112.
    34　Kennedy televised address, 22 October 1962, Public Papers of the Presidents: John F. Kennedy 1962, 808.
    35　Adlai Stevenson Addresses the United Nations Security Council, 22 October 1962, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgR8NjNw__I.
    36　Interview with Walter Cronkite, CNN Cold War series, episode 10 (“Cuba 1959–1962”), http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/coldwar/interviews/episode-10/cronkite1.html.
    37　Castro to Khrushchev, quoted at John F. Kennedy Library website, http://microsites.jfklibrary.org/cmc/oct26/doc2.html.
    38　McNamara, CNN Cold War series, episode 10 (“Cuba 1959–1962”).
    39　Castro, CNN Cold War series, episode 10 (“Cuba 1959–1962”).
    40　飛彈危機過後，在其他地方，就連第三世界的激進分子也希望美蘇之間關係更加穩定。例見 Ministry of Foreign Affairs report 18 December 1962, 078–048418–0010, National Archives of Egypt, Cairo。
    41　Kennedy address at the University of Maine, 19 October 1963, Public Papers of the Presidents: John F. Kennedy 1963, 797.
    42　Declassified Penkovskii materials, CIA Library, http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/89801/DOC_0000012267.pdf.
    43　Grimes, CNN Cold War series, episode 21 (“Spies 1944–1994”).
    44　Record of the 508th Meeting of the National Security Council, 22 January 1963, FRUS 1961_1963, 8:462.
    第十二章　遭逢越南
    01　最佳的綜覽為 Christopher Goscha, Vietnam: A New History (New York: Basic Books, 2016).
    02　Le Duan, “Duong loi cach mang mien Nam” [The Path of Revolution in the South], circa 1956, http://vi.uh.edu/pages/buzzmat/southrevo.htm.
    03　轉引自 Robert D. Dean, “An Assertion of Manhood,” in Light at the End of the Tunnel: A Vietnam War Anthology, ed. Andrew J. Rotter, 3rd ed. (Rowman & Littlefield, 2010), 367。
    04　轉引自 Michael Beschloss, ed., Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes, 1963–1964 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998), 401–3。
    05　轉引自 Andrew Preston, The War Council: McGeorge Bundy, the NSC, and Vietnam (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006), 163。
    06　轉引自 David E. Kaiser, American Tragedy: Kennedy, Johnson, and the Origins of the Vietnam War (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2000), 361。
    07　Joint Resolution of Congress H.J. RES 1145 7 August 1964, http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/tonking.asp.
    08　Record of conversation, Zhou Enlai and Pham Van Dong et al., 23 August 1966, Odd Arne Westad et al., eds., 77 Conversations Between Chinese and Foreign Leaders on the Wars in Indochina, 1964–1977 (Working Paper 22, Washington, DC: Cold War International History Project, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 1998), 97.
    09　Special message to Congress on foreign aid, 19 March 1964, Public Papers of the Presidents: Lyndon B. Johnson 1963–1964, 393.
    10　Kwame Nkrumah, Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism (New York: International Publishers, 1965), 247.
    11　Intelligence Memorandum Prepared in the Central Intelligence Agency, 19 June 1965, FRUS 1964–1968, 24:42.
    12　Record of telephone conversation, Johnson and Walter Reuther (UAWpresident), 24 November 1964, tape number 6474, Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library, Austin, Texas (hereafter Johnson Library).
    13　Robert Komer, “Talking Points (Preparation for McGeorge Bundy talk with Senator Dodds),” 31 August 1965, box 85, Congo, Africa, Country File, NSC, Presidential Papers, Johnson Library.
    14　轉引自 Matthew Jones, “‘Maximum Disavowable Aid’: Britain, the United States and the Indonesian Rebellion, 1957–58,” The English Historical Review 114, no. 459 (1999): 1192。
    15　轉引自 Robert Cribb, “The Indonesian Massacres,” in Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts, ed. Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons, and Israel W. Charny, 2nd ed. (New York: Routledge, 2004), 252。
    16　見 Michael Wines, “CIA Tie Asserted in Indonesia Purge,” New York Times, 12 July 1990和John Prados, Lost Crusader: The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), 156。
    17　Memorandum from the President’s Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Komer) to President Johnson, 12 March 1966, FRUS 1964–1968, 26:418.
    18　轉引自 Taomo Zhou, “China and the Thirtieth of September Movement,” Indonesia 98, no. 1 (2014): 29–58, quote on p. 53–54。
    19　Eric Gettig, “‘Trouble Ahead in Afro-Asia’: The United States, the Second Bandung Conference, and the Struggle for the Third World, 1964–1965,” Diplomatic History 39, no. 1 (2015): 126–56, quote on pp. 150.
    20　Memorandum From the President’s Acting Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Komer) to President Johnson 12 March 1966, FRUS 1964–1968, 26:457–58.
    21　Memorandum from Secretary of State Rusk to President Johnson, April 1966, FRUS 1964–1968, vol. 4:365.
    22　Record of Conversation, Mao Zedong and Pham Van Dong, Vo Nguyen Giap, 11 April 1967, Westad et al., 77 Conversations Between Chinese and Foreign Leaders on the Wars in Indochina, 1964–1977, 102.
    23　Nicholas Khoo, Collateral Damage: Sino-Soviet Rivalry and the Termination of the Sino-Vietnamese Alliance (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011), 87.
    24　Cronkite’s editorial on the Vietnam War, February 1968, CBS News, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/highlights-of-some-cronkite-broadcasts/.
    25　轉引自 Krishnadev Calamur, “Muhammad Ali and Vietnam,” The Atlantic, 4 June 2016。
    26　Martin Luther King Jr., “Beyond Vietnam,” 4 April 1967, in A Call to Conscience: The Landmark Speeches of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., ed. Clayborne Carson and Kris Shepard (New York: Warner Books, 2001), 133–40.
    27　Charles de Gaulle, Speech in Phnom Penh, 1 September 1966, Fondation Charles de Gaulle, http://www.charles-de-gaulle.org/pages/lhomme/accueil/discours/le-president-de-la-cinquieme-republique-1958–1969/discours-de-phnom-penh-1er-septembre-1966.php.
    28　轉引自 Robert David Johnson, Lyndon Johnson and Israel: The Secret Presidential Recordings, Research Paper, no. 3 (Tel Aviv: S. Daniel Abraham Center for International and Regional Studies, Tel Aviv University,2008), 33.
    29　轉引自 Thomas Borstelmann, The Cold War and the Color Line: American Race Relations in the Global Arena (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009), 182。
    30　轉引自 Borstelmann, The Cold War and the Color Line, 173。
    第十三章　冷戰與拉丁美洲
    01　Christina Godoy-Navarrete, quoted in Kim Sengupta, “Victims of Pinochet’s Police Prepare to Reveal Details of Rape and Torture,” The Independent (London), 9 November 1998.
    02　轉引自 Walter LaFeber, The American Search for Opportunity, 1815–1913 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 9。
    03　見 Gilbert M. Joseph and Daniela Spenser, eds., In From the Cold: Latin America’s New Encounter with the Cold War (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007), 20.
    04　見 Eric Zolov, “Expanding Our Conceptual Horizons: The Shift from an Old to a New Left in Latin America,” A Contra Corriente 5, no. 2 (n.d.): 47–73。
    05 La Prensa, 13 January 1927.
    06　Memorandum by the Counselor of the Department (Kennan) to the Secretary of State, 29 March 1950, FRUS 1950, 2:598–624. 如同 John Lewis Gaddis 在 George F. Kennan: An American Life (New York:Penguin, 2011), 386 所指出的，鮮有證據能佐證凱南關於拉丁美洲上的建言影響了美國的政策，但他對情勢的總結無疑反映出當時華府方面的考量。
    07　Excerpt from the diary of James C. Hagerty, Press Secretary to the President, 26 April 1954, FRUS 1952–1954, 4:1102.
    08　轉引自 Piero Gleijeses, Shattered Hope: The Guatemalan Revolution and the United States, 1944–1954 (Princeton University Press, 1992), 4。
    09　轉引自 Max Paul Friedman, “Fracas in Caracas: Latin American Diplomatic Resistance to United States Intervention in Guatemala in 1954,” Diplomacy & Statecraft 21, no. 4 (2010): 681。
    10　轉引自 Friedman, “Fracas in Caracas,” 679。
    11　“Interamerican Tension Mounting at Caracas,” New York Times, 7 March 1954.
    12　轉引自 Friedman, “Fracas in Caracas,” 672。
    13　James C. Hagerty Diary, 24 June 1954, Box 1, Hagerty Papers, Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, Kansas.
    14　Address at a reception for the diplomatic corps of the Latin American republics, 13 March 1961, Public Papers of the Presidents: John F. Kennedy 1961, 172.
    15　見 Francisco H. G. Ferreira and Julie A. Litchfield, “The Rise and Fall of Brazilian Inequality, 1981–2004” (Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, 2006)。
    16　轉引自 Robert M. Levine, The History of Brazil (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), 126。
    17　Recording of telephone conversation between Lyndon B. Johnson, George Ball, and Thomas Mann, 31 March 1964, tape number 2718, Johnson Library.
    18　轉引自 James Dunkerley, Warriors and Scribes: Essays on the History and Politics of Latin America (London: Verso, 2000), 4。
    19　轉引自 Jon Lee Anderson, Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life (New York: Grove Press, 1997), 768。
    20　轉引自 David Rock, Authoritarian Argentina: The Nationalist Movement, Its History and Its Impact (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), 218。
    21　轉引自 Paul H. Lewis, Guerrillas and Generals: The “Dirty War”in Argentina (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2001), 51。
    22　Allende, “First Annual Message to the National Congress, 21 May 1971,” James D. Cockcroft and Jane Canning, eds., Salvador Allende Reader (New York: Ocean Press, 2000), 96.
    23　22 August 1973 resolution in Chilean Chamber of Deputies, La Nacion (Santiago), 25 August 1973.
    24　轉引自 Tanya Harmer, Allende’s Chile and the InterAmerican Cold War (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2011), 63。
    25　Notes on Meeting with the President on Chile, 15 September 1970, NSA-DA, http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB8/nsaebb8i.htm.
    26　Comisión Nacional Sobre Prisón Politica y Tortura, http://www.indh.cl/informacion-comision-valech.
    27　Róbinson Rojas Sandford, The Murder of Allende and the End of the Chilean Way to Socialism (New York: Harper & Row, 1976), 208.
    28　Federico Finchelstein, The Ideological Origins of the Dirty War: Fascism, Populism, and Dictatorship in Twentieth Century Argentina (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), 152.
    29　Christopher M. Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World (New York: Basic Books, 2005), 78.
    30　轉引自 Renata Keller, Mexico’s Cold War: Cuba, the United States, and the Legacy of the Mexican Revolution, Cambridge Studies in US Foreign Relations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015), 211。
    31　轉引自 Keller, Mexico’s Cold War, 223。
    32　當然也有些人立場改變。後來成為烏拉圭總統的前游擊隊員何塞．穆西卡（José Mujica）作結論道：「推翻一個政府、封鎖道路是一回事，但打造一個更好的社會是另一回事，社會需要組織、紀律、長期下工夫，兩者不能混為一談。」Krishna Andavolu, “Uruguay and Its Ex-Terrorist Head of State May Hold the Key to Ending the Global Drug War,” Vice, 9 May 2014, http://www.vice.com/read/president-chill-jose-pepe-mujica-uruguay-0000323-v21n5.
    第十四章　布里茲涅夫時代
    01　轉引自 Melvyn P. Leffler, For the Soul of Mankind: The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War (New York: Hill & Wang, 2008), 247。
    02　Record of conversation, Brezhnev and Kissinger, 24 October 1974, William Burr, ed., Kissinger Transcripts: The Top Secret Talks with Beijing and Moscow (New York: New Press, 1998), 327–42.
    03 Pravda, 25 September 1968.
    04　轉引自 William Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era (New York: Norton, 2003), 16。
    05　轉引自 David Holloway, “Nuclear Weapons and the Escalation of the Cold War, 1945–1962,” in The Cambridge History of the Cold War, ed. Melvyn P. Leffler and Odd Arne Westad (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 376–97。
    06　見 Henry Phelps Brown, The Inequality of Pay (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977), 38–51。
    07　轉引自 Marxism Today, July 1968, 205–17。
    08　Negotiations at čierna nad Tisou, 29 July 1968, Jaromír Navrátil, ed., The Prague Spring 1968: A National Security Archive Documents Reader (Budapest: Central European University Press, 1998).
    09　Transcript of Leonid Brezhnev’s Telephone Conversation with Alexander Dubček, August 13, 1968, ibid., 345–56.
    10　Vladimir Tismaneanu, ed., Promises of 1968: Crisis, Illusion, and Utopia (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2011), 394.
    11　Nicolae Ceauşescu, Romania on the Way of Completing Socialist Construction: Reports, Speeches, Articles (Bucharest: Meridiane, 1969), 3:415–18.
    12　SDS, “The Port Huron Statement,” in Timothy Patrick McCarthy and John Campbell McMillian, eds., The Radical Reader: A Documentary History of the American Radical Tradition (New York: The New Press, 2003), 468–76.
    13　Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (New York: Norton, 1963), 1.【譯按：中譯版見貝蒂．弗里丹著，程錫麟、朱徽、王曉路譯，《女性的奧秘》（哈爾濱：北方文藝出版社，二○○二），頁一。】
    14　Maurice Vaïsse, La grandeur: politique étrangère du général de Gaulle, 1958–1969 [Greatness: The Foreign Policy of General de Gaulle, 1958–1969] (Paris: Fayard, 1998), 360–61.
    15　轉引自 Thomas Alan Schwartz, Lyndon Johnson and Europe: In the Shadow of Vietnam (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003),123。
    16　Brandt speech to the SPD Bundestag members, 11 April 1967, in Willy Brandt, Berliner Ausgabe, ed. Helga Grebing et al. (Bonn: Dietz, 2000), 6:129.
    17　轉引自 Willy Brandt, People and Politics: The Years 1960–75 (London: HarperCollins, 1978), 238。
    18　Brandt’s speech to the UN General Assembly, 26 September 1973, in Brandt, Berliner Ausgabe, vol. 6, pp. 6:498–511.
    19　Record of conversation, Mielke-Kriuchkov, 19 September 1983, CWIHPDA, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/115718.
    20　“Conference on Security and CoOperation in Europe: Final Act,” American Journal of International Law 70, no. 2 (1976): 417–21.
    21　Charter of Algiers, 25 October 1967, in Mourad Ahmia, ed., The Collected Documents of the Group of 77 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), 6:22–39.
    22　轉引自 Nils Gilman, “The New International Economic Order: A Reintroduction,” Humanity 6, no. 1 (2015): 1–16。
    第十五章　尼克森在北京
    01　Richard Nixon’s address accepting the presidential nomination at the Republican National Convention in Miami Beach, 8 August 1968, The American Presidency Project, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25968.
    02　Richard Nixon, “Asia After Viet Nam,” Foreign Affairs 46, no. 1 (1967): 113–25.
    03　National Security Council Report, United States Policy toward Japan, June 1960, FRUS 1958–1960, 18:347.
    04　見 Gilbert Cette et al., “A Comparison of Productivity in France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States over the Past Century,” paper presented at the 14e Colloque de l’Association de comptabilité nationale (6–8 June 2012), Paris, France, www.insee.fr/en/insee-statistiquepublique/connaitre/colloques/acn/pdf14/acn14-session1-3-diaporama.pdf。
    05　Mark Tran, “South Korea: A Model of Development?,” The Guardian, 28 November 2011.
    06　Young-Iob Chung, South Korea in the Fast Lane: Economic Development and Capital Formation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), 30.
    07　Ang Cheng Guan, “Singapore and the Vietnam War,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40, no. 2 (June 2009): 365.
    08　Odd Arne Westad et al., eds., 77 Conversations Between Chinese and Foreign Leaders on the Wars in Indochina, 1964–1977 (Working Paper 22, Washington, DC: Cold War International History Project, Woodrow Wilson Center, 1998), 132–33.
    09　熊向暉，〈打開中美關係的前奏〉，《中共黨史資料》42（一九九二）：頁七二－七五。
    10　Minutes of meeting of the National Security Council, San Clemente, 14 August 1969, FRUS 1969–1976, 12:226.
    11　Record of conversation, Nixon-Dobrynin, 20 October 1969, FRUS 1969–1976, 12:285.
    12　Record of conversation, Leonid Brezhnev and other Communist leaders, Crimea, 2 August 1971, SAPMO-BArch, DY 30 J IV 2/20, p. 9.
    13　Nixon-Kissinger telephone conversation, 12 March 1971, in Luke Nichter and Douglas Brinkley, eds., The Nixon Tapes, 1971–1972 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014), 41.
    14　Nixon-Kissinger telephone conversation, 27 April 1971, ibid., 108.
    15　CCP Central Committee Document 24, July 1971, in James T. Myers, Jürgen Domes, and Erik von Groeling, Chinese Politics: Ninth Party Congress (1969) to the Death of Mao (1976) (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1986), 171.
    16　Record of conversation, Mao–Ceauşescu, 3 June 1971, CWIHPDA, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/117763.
    17　Record of conversation, Mao-Nixon, 21 February 1972, FRUS 1969–1976, 17:680–81.【譯按：中文原文見宋永毅編，〈毛澤東會見美國總統尼克松的談話〉，《機密檔案中新發現的毛澤東講話》（紐約：國史出版社，二○一八）。】
    18　Record of conversation, Nixon–Zhou Enlai, 22 February 1972, FRUS 1969–1976, 17:362.
    19　同前，812–13。
    20　Record of conversation, Mao Zedong–Pham Van Dong, 23 September 1970, Westad et al., eds., 77 Conversations Between Chinese and Foreign Leaders on the Wars in Indochina, 1964–1977, 175.
    21　Record of conversation, Mao Zedong–Kissinger, 21 October 1975,FRUS 1969–1976, 18:789.
    22　Michael Schaller, “The Nixon ‘Shocks’ and U.S.-Japan Strategic Relations, 1969–74,” National Security Archive Working Paper No. 2 (1996), http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/japan/schaller.htm.
    23 PPP Nixon 1972, 633.
    24　John Kenneth Galbraith, “Reith Lectures 1966: The New Industrial State. Lecture 6: The Cultural Impact,” transmitted 18 December 1966, downloads.bbc.co.uk/rmhttp/radio4/transcripts/1966_reith6.pdf.
    25　“19th Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs,” in Science and Public Affairs, April 1970, 21–24.
    26　Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovitch, trans. by Ralph Parker (New York: Dutton, 1963), 42.
    27　Andrei Amalrik, Will the Soviet Union Survive Until 1984? (New York: Harper & Row, 1970), 41, 5–6.
    28　Tom W. Smith, “The Polls: American Attitudes Toward the Soviet Union and Communism,” Public Opinion Quarterly 47, no. 2 (1983): 277–92.
    29　Werner D. Lippert, “Richard Nixon’s Détente and Willy Brandt’s Ostpolitik: The Politics and Economic Diplomacy of Engaging the East” (PhD thesis, Vanderbilt University, 2005), appendix.
    30　Record of conversation, Brezhnev-Ford, 23 November 1974, FRUS 1969–1976, 16:325.
    第十六章　冷戰與印度
    01　轉引自 Jag Mohan, “Jawaharlal Nehru and His Socialism,” India International Centre Quarterly 2, no. 3 (1975): 183–92。
    02　同前。
    03　轉引自 Karl Ernest Meyer and Shareen Blair Brysac, Pax Ethnica: Where and How Diversity Succeeds (New York: Public Affairs, 2012), 52。
    04　Nehru speech to US Congress, 13 October 1949, Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, 2nd series (New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund, 1992), 13: 304.
    05　轉引自 Robert J. McMahon, The Cold War on the Periphery: The United States, India, and Pakistan (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994), 57。
    06　轉引自 Andrew J. Rotter, Comrades at Odds: The United States and India, 1947–1964 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000), 214。
    07　Record of conversation, Nehru-Dulles, 9 March 1956, FRUS 1955–1957, 8:307.
    08　Indian Planning Commission, Second Five Year Plan: A Draft Outline (New Delhi: The Commission, 1956), 1.
    09　見 David C. Engerman, “Learning from the East: Soviet Experts and India in the Era of Competitive Coexistence,” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 33, no. 2 (2013): 227–38。
    10　Ratnam to Dutt, 22 December 1955, Ministry of External Affairs (hereafter MEA), P(98)-Eur/55, pp. 4–5, National Archives of India, New Delhi (hereafter NAI).
    11　Jawaharlal Nehru, Letters to Chief Ministers, 1947–1964, ed. G. Parthasarathi (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1985), 4:86. 相關綜論見Anton Harder, “Defining Independence in Cold War South Asia: Sino-Indian Relations, 1949–1962” (PhD thesis, LSE, 2016)。
    12　Indian Mission, Lhasa, Annual Report for 1950, MEA 3(18)-R&I/51, NAI.
    13　同前。
    14　有關中印之間對此地區的角力，最佳的綜論為 Sulmaan Wasif Khan, Muslim, Trader, Nomad, Spy: China’s Cold War and the People of the Tibetan Borderlands (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2015)。
    15　“Treaty 4307: Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between Tibet Region of China and India, 29 April 1954,” UN Treaty Series, 229 (1958): 70.
    16　轉引自 Jovan čavoški, “Between Great Powers and Third World Neutralists: Yugoslavia and the Belgrade Conference of the Non-Aligned Movement, 1961,” in The Non-Aligned Movement and the Cold War: Delhi Bandung-Belgrade, ed. Natasa Miskovic et al. (London: Routledge, 2014), 187。
    17　Nehru, Letters to Chief Ministers, 1947–1964, 4:197, 240.
    18　Indian embassy Moscow to Ministry of External Affairs, 24 February 1956, MEA, 26(22)Eur/56(Secret), NAI.
    19　“Non-Aligned Countries Declaration, 1961,” Edmund Jan Osmańczyk, ed., Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements, 3rd ed. (London: Taylor & Francis, 2003), 3:1572.
    20　同前。
    21　Rusk to Harriman, 25 November 1962, FRUS 1961–1963, 19:406.
    22　Nehru, Letters to Chief Ministers, 1947–1964, 5:537.
    23　East Asia Division to Foreign Secretary, 6 February 1967, MEA WII/104/3/67, NAI.
    24　轉引自 Renu Srivastava, India and the Nonaligned Summits: Belgrade to Jakarta (Delhi: Northern Book Centre, 1995), 85。
    25　Record of conversation, T.N. Kaul-A.A. Fomin, 8 March 1969, MEA WI/101(39)69 vol. 2, p. 84, NAI.
    26　Foreign Secretary to (Indian) Embassy Washington, Summary Record of Prime Minister’s talks with Vice President Humphrey, 17 February 1966, MEA WII/121(21)/66, p. 60, NAI.
    27　Indian Embassy, Washington, to Foreign Secretary, n.d. (October 1969), “Internal Developments in the United States,” MEA WII/104(14)/69 vol. 2, NAI.
    28　轉引自 Oriana Fallaci, “Indira’s Coup,” New York Review of Books, 18 September 1975。
    29　Record of conversation, Foreign Secretary–General Adams, 12 November 1963, MEA 101(34)-WII/63, p. 34, NAI.
    30　Record of conversation, Singh-Kissinger, 7 July 1971, MEA, WII/121(54)71, p. 55, NAI.
    31　Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation Between the Government of India and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 9 August 1971, http://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/5139/Treaty+of+.
    32　Minister for Political Affairs report, 18 August 1971, MEA, WII/104/34/71, NAI.
    33　Record of conversation, Kissinger–Huang, 10 December 1971, FRUS 1969–1976, 11:756.
    34　Minutes of Washington Special Actions Group meeting, 4 December 1971, FRUS 1969–1976, 11:620–26.
    35　Record of telephone conversation, Nixon-Kissinger, 5 December 1971, FRUS 1969–1976, 11:638.
    36　“Indo-Pakistan Relations,” n.d. (March 1972?), WII/103/17/72, p. 8, NAI.
    37　“Sino-US Relations and Implications,” 6 March 1972, ibid., 14.
    38　“Impact of Sino-American, Indo-Soviet, and Indo-Pakistan Relations on Indo-US Relations,” n.d. (March 1972?), ibid., 31.
    39　East Europe Division, Ministry of External Affairs, Annual Report (3 February 1975), MEA WI/103/5/75-EE vol. 1, NAI.
    40　轉引自 Vojtech Mastny, “The Soviet Union’s Partnership with India,” Journal of Cold War Studies 12, no. 3 (2010): 73–74.
    41　“Indo-Soviet Relations－A Critical Analysis,” 12 April 1977, MEA, WI/103/10/77/EE, p. 53, NAI.
    42　Record of conversation, Mehta-Sudarikov (head of South Asia Division, Soviet Foreign Ministry), 21 April 1977, MEA WI/103/10/77/EE, p. 45, NAI.
    43　Record of conversation, Brezhnev–Desai, 12 June 1979, MEA WI/103/4/79(EE) vol. 1, pp. 234–49, NAI.
    44　Record of conversation, Mehta-Vorontsov, 20 March 1979, MEA WI/103/4/79(EE) vol. 1, pp. 98–102, NAI.
    45　Indira Gandhi speech in Delhi, 1 April 1980, at Indian National Congress, http://inc.in/resources/speeches/298-What-Makes-an-Indian.
    第十七章　中東風暴
    01　Nasser, “Falsafat al-Thawra [The Philosophy of the Revolution]”，轉引自 Reem Abou-El-Fadl, “Early Pan-Arabism in Egypt’s July Revolution: The Free Officers’ Political Formation and Policy-Making, 1946–54,” Nations and Nationalism 21, no. 2 (2015): 296。
    02　同前引，295。
    03　Nasser speech 23 December 1962, at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voUNkFuhg1E.
    04　Aflaq speech, 1 February 1950, Michel Aflaq, Choice of Texts from the Ba’th Party Founder’s Thought (Baghdad: Arab Ba’th Socialist Party, 1977), 86.
    05　轉引自 Douglas Little, “His Finest Hour? Eisenhower, Lebanon, and the 1958 Middle East Crisis,” in Empire and Revolution: The United States and the Third World Since 1945, ed. Peter L. Hahn and Mary Ann Heiss (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2001), 32。
    06　轉引自 Aleksandr Fursenko and Timothy Naftali, Khrushchev’s Cold War: The Inside Story of an American Adversary (New York: Norton, 2006), 164。
    07　Statement by the President, 15 July 1958, Public Papers of the Presidents: Dwight D. Eisenhower 1958, 553.
    08　轉引自 Fursenko and Naftali, Khrushchev’s Cold War, 159。
    09　同前引，169。
    10　轉引自 Sharman Kadish, Bolsheviks and British Jews: The AngloJewish Community, Britain, and the Russian Revolution (London: Psychology Press, 1992), 135.
    11　轉引自 Avi Shlaim, “Israel, the Great Powers, and the Middle East Crisis of 1958,” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 27, no. 2 (1999): 177–92.
    12　有關蘇聯援助在埃及的輕重緩急，見 M. Khalil (Egyptian Deputy Prime Minister) to S. Skatchkov (Chairman, Soviet State Committee on Foreign Economic Relations), May 1966, 3022–000557, National Archives of Egypt, Cairo。
    13　有關一九六三至六五年間埃及與非洲國家的關係，見 Ministry of Foreign Affairs reports in 0078-048408, National Archives of Egypt, Cairo, and on military support, see report from 18 September 1965, 0078-048418-408，同前。
    14　轉引自 Ghassan Khatib, Palestinian Politics and the Middle East Peace Process: Consensus and Competition in the Palestinian Negotiating Team (London: Routledge, 2010), 27。
    15　Notes of a meeting of the Special Committee of the National Security Council, 9 June 1967, FRUS 1964–1968, 19:399.
    16　“On Soviet Policy Following the Israeli Aggression in the Middle East,” 20 June 1967, CWIHPDA, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112654.
    17　Statement to the Knesset by Prime Minister Golda Meir, 5 May 1969, Israel Foreign Ministry, http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/mfadocuments/yearbook1/pages/8%20statement%20to%20the%20knesset%20by%20prime%20minister%20golda.aspx.
    18　“On Soviet Policy Following the Israeli Aggression in the Middle East,” 20 June 1967, CWIHPDA, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/113381.
    19　轉引自 Isabella Ginor, “‘Under the Yellow Arab Helmet Gleamed Blue Russian Eyes’: Operation Kavkaz and the War of Attrition, 1969–70,” Cold War History 3, no. 1 (2002): 138。
    20　Minutes of a National Security Council Meeting, 25 April 1969, FRUS 1969–1976, 23:92.
    21　Record of conversation, Kissinger, Schlesinger, Colby, 13 October 1973, FRUS 1969–1976, 25:483.
    22　Memorandum for the record, 24/25 October 1973, FRUS 1969–1976, 25:741.
    23　轉引自 Victor Israelyan, Inside the Kremlin During the Yom Kippur War (Philadelphia, PA: Penn State Press, 2010), 180。
    24　The President’s news conference of 26 October 1973, Public Papers of the Presidents: Richard Nixon 1973, 902–3.
    25　Memorandum of conversation, 9 October 1973, FRUS 1969–1976, 25:413.
    26　Memorandum of conversation, 12 August 1974, FRUS 1969–1976, 26:406.
    27　Letter From President Ford to Israeli Prime Minister Rabin, 21 March 1975, ibid., 553.
    28　Letter to President Ford by 76 Members of the US Senate, 22 May 1975, Israeli Foreign Ministry, http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/MFADocuments/Yearbook2/Pages/84%20Letter%20to%20President%20Ford%20by%2076%20Members%20of%20the%20U.aspx.
    29　轉引自 Efraim Karsh, Israel: The First Hundred Years (London: Frank Cass, 2002), 3:103。
    30　就如同許多巴勒斯坦的組織；內部觀點見 record of conversations, George Habash (PFLP)–Chudomir Aleksandrov (BCP Politburo), 17 November 1981, Sofia, f. 1b, op. 60, an. 287, pp. 1–60, Central State Archives, Sofia, Bulgaria (hereafter CDA, Sofia)。
    31　Massimiliano Trentin, “La République démocratique allemande et la Syrie du parti Baas,” Les cahiers Irice, no. 10 (2013): 19.
    32　“Saddam Hussein’s political portrait－compiled for Foreign Minister Frigyes Puja prior to the Iraqi leader’s visit to Hungary in May 1975,” 26 March 1975, CWIHPDA, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/122524.
    33　“Policy Statement on the Bulgarian Relations with Angola, Ethiopia, Mozambique, and PDR of Yemen,” 1 October 1978, CWIHPDA, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/113582.
    34　轉引自 Joanne Jay Meyerowitz, History and September 11th (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2003), 231。
    第十八章　緩和政策潰敗
    01　Hedrick Smith, New York Times, 13 June 1973.
    02　Reagan speech to second annual CPAC Convention, 1 March 1975, http://reagan2020.us/speeches/Let_Them_Go_Their_Way.asp.
    03　Reagan’s campaign address, 31 March 1976, Ronald Reagan Library, https://reaganlibrary.gov/curriculum-smenu?catid=0&id=7.
    04　見 Daniel J. Sargent, A Superpower Transformed: The Remaking of American Foreign Relations in the 1970s (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015)。
    05　轉引自 George J. Church, “Saigon,” Time, 24 June 2001。
    06　Address at a Tulane University Convocation, 23 April 1975, PPP: Ford 1975, 568.
    07　關於這一點見 record of conversation, Todor Zhivkov–Le Duan, 8–9 October 1975, Sofia, pp. 1–45, a.n. 186, op. 60, f. 1, CDA, Sofia。
    08　見 R. J. Rummel, “Statistics of Cambodian Democide: Estimates, Calculations, and Sources,” at https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP4.HTM。
    09　South African UN mission to the Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Cape Town, 15 May 1976, Record of conversation with Kissinger and Scowcroft, 1/33/3, vol. 33, South African Department of Foreign Affairs Archives, Pretoria.
    10　有關古巴方面對這些關係的綜述，見 record of conversations, Fidel Castro–Todor Zhivkov, 11 March 1976, Sofia, f. 1b. op. 60, an. 194, pp. 1–38, CDA, Sofia。
    11　“US-Soviet Relations and Soviet Foreign Policy towards the Middle East and Africa in the 1970s. Transcript of the Proceedings of the First Lysebu Conference of the Carter-Brezhnev Project. Oslo, Norway, 1–3 October 1994,” 45 (下稱Lysebu I).
    12　同前，47。
    13　Commission on Presidential Debates: The Second Carter-Ford Presidential Debate, 6 October 1976, http://www.debates.org/index.php?page=october-6–1976-debate-transcript.
    14　Carter to Brezhnev, 26 January 1977, FRUS 1977–1980, 6:2.
    15　轉引自 “SALT II and the Growth of Mistrust. Transcript of the Proceedings of the Musgrove Conference of the Carter-Brezhnev Project. Musgrove Plantation, St. Simon’s Island, Georgia, 7–9 May 1994,” p. 62.
    16　Carter to Sakharov, 5 February 1977, FRUS 1977–1980, 6:17.
    17　轉引自 “The Collapse of Detente. Transcript of the Proceedings of the Pocantico Conference of the Carter-Brezhnev Project. The Rockefeller Estate, Pocantico Hills, NY, 22–24 October 1992,” p. 13.
    18　Hamilton Jordan to Carter, June 1977, Container 34a, Foreign Policy/Domestic Politics Memo, Hamilton Jordan’s Confidential Files, Office of the Chief of Staff Files, Jimmy Carter Library, Atlanta, Georgia.
    19　Tom W. Smith, “The Polls－American Attitudes Toward the Soviet Union and Communism,” Public Opinion Quarterly 47, no. 2: 277–92.
    20　Record of conversation, Markovski-Ponomarev, 10 February 1978, CWIHPDA, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/110967.
    21　The President’s News Conference, 2 March 1978, PPP Carter 1978, 1:442.
    22　Meeting of the Special Coordination Committee of the National Security Council, 2 March 1978, quoted in Jussi M. Hanhimäki and Odd Arne Westad, eds., The Cold War: A History in Documents and Eyewitness Accounts (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), 542–44.
    23　Record of conversation, Carter–Deng Xiaoping, 29 January 1979, FRUS 1977–1980, 8:768.
    24　同前，8:747。
    25　同前，8:770。
    26　Record of conversation, Carter-Brezhnev, 15 June 1979, FRUS 1977–1980, 6:551.
    27　Record of conversation, Carter-Brezhnev, 16 June 1979, FRUS 1977–1980, 6:581, 578.
    28　Hamid Algar, ed., Islam and Revolution: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini (Berkeley, CA: Mizan Press, 1981), 300–6.
    29　Lysebu I, 34.
    30　Jimmy Carter televised address, 4 January 1980, PPP Carter 1980–81, 1:22.
    31　Jimmy Carter, “State of the Union Address,” 23 January 1980, PPP Carter 1980, 1:196.
    32　Jimmy Carter televised address, 4 January 1980, PPP Carter 1980–81, 1:24.
    33　See SIPRI Military Expenditure Database, http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex/milex_database.
    34　Ronald Reagan, “Address Accepting the Presidential Nomination at the Republican National Convention in Detroit,” 17 July 1980, The American Presidency Project, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25970.
    35　“Toasts of the President and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher of the United Kingdom at the Dinner Honoring the President,” 27 February 1981, The American Presidency Project, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=43471. 有關蘇聯對雷根當選的最初反應，見 record of conversation, Todor Zhivkov–Andrei Gromyko, 23 December 1980, f. 1b, op. 60, an. 277, pp. 1–22, CDA, Sofia。
    36　轉引自 Steve Coll, Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (New York: Penguin, 2004), 99.
    37　有關桑定解意欲從蘇聯與東歐方面取得的東西，見 Henry Ruiz (Nicaraguan Minister of Foreign Assistance)–Aleksandr Lilov (Deputy Head of the Bulgarian Communist Party), 18–19 October 1979, f. 1b, op. 60, an. 257, pp. 1–83, CDA, Sofia. For Castro’s views, see summary of conversations, Fidel Castro–Todor Zhivkov, Havana, 7–11 April 1979, f. 1b, op. 66, an. 1674, pp. 23–35, CDA, Sofia。
    38　Excerpts from an interview with Walter Cronkite of CBS News, 3 March 1981, PPP Reagan 1981, 191.
    第十九章　歐洲的預兆
    01　“Stasi Note on Meeting Between Minister Mielke and KGB Chairman Andropov,” 11 July 1981, CWIHPDA, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/115717.
    02　轉引自 Silvio Pons, “The Rise and Fall of Eurocommunism,” in The Cambridge History of the Cold War, ed. Melvyn P. Leffler and Odd Arne Westad (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 2:55.
    03　轉引自 Kristina Spohr, The Global Chancellor: Helmut Schmidt and the Reshaping of the International Order (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), 111。
    04　Ronald Reagan, televised address 5 September 1983, PPP Reagan 1983, 1227.
    05　轉引自 Nate Jones, “First Page of Paramount Able Archer 83 Report Declassified by British Archive,” 27 October 2014, https://nsarchive.wordpress.com/2014/10/27/first-page-of-paramount-ablearcher-83-report-declassified-by-british-archive-remainder-of-thedetection-of-soviet-preparations-for-war-against-nato-withheld/. 亦見 Nate Jones, ed., Able Archer 83: The Secret History of the NATO Exercise That Almost Triggered Nuclear War (New York: New Press, 2016)。
    06　Homily of His Holiness John Paul II, Warsaw, 2 June 1979, https://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en.html.
    07　“Session of the CPSU CC Politburo,” 10 December 1981, CWIHPDA, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/110482.
    08　Interviews, http://www.academia.edu/7966890/Interviews_about_travelling_to_West_under_communism_Hungary_in_Europe_Divided_Then_and_Now.
    09　Declaration of Charter 77, 1 January 1977, https://chnm.gmu.edu/1989/archive/files/declaration-of-charter-77_4346bae392.pdf.
    10　Plastic People of the Universe, “Komu je dnes dvacet” [Whoever is Now Twenty], http://www.karaoketexty.cz/texty-pisni/plastic-people-of-theuniverse-the/komu-je-dnes-dvacet-188129.
    11　Acceptance speech, 10 December 1975, Oslo, http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1975/sakharovacceptance.html.
    12　“Solemn Declaration on European Union (Stuttgart, 19 June 1983),” Bulletin of the European Communities, no. 6 (June 1983): 24–29. 七○年代末的發展綜論可見 N. Piers Ludlow, Roy Jenkins and the European Commission Presidency, 1976–1980: At the Heart of Europe (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016).
    13　Thatcher speech to the European Parliament, 9 December 1986, http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/106534.
    14　轉引自 Ian Glover-James, “Falklands: Reagan Phone Call to Thatcher,” Sunday Times, 8 March 1992。
    15　James M. Markham, “Germans Enlist Poll-Takers in Missile Debate,” New York Times, 23 September 1983.
    16　轉引自 Christopher Flockton, Eva Kolinsky, and Rosalind M. O. Pritchard, The New Germany in the East: Policy Agendas and Social Developments Since Unification (London: Taylor & Francis, 2000), 178。
    17　“Tagesprotokoll, 32. Bundesparteitag, Mai 1984, Stuttgart, CDU,” at www.kas.de/Protokolle_Bundesparteitage.
    18　Entry for 18 November 1983, Ronald Reagan, The Reagan Diaries (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), 199.
    第二十章　戈巴契夫
    01　見 Yegor Gaidar, Collapse of an Empire: Lessons for Modern Russia (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2010)。
    02　Interview with Dr. Charles Cogan, August 1997, National Security Archive, http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/coldwar/interviews/episode-20/cogan1.html.
    03　Boland amendment, Public Law 98-473, 12 October 1984, uscode.house.gov/statutes/pl/98/473.pdf.
    04　轉引自 Malcolm Byrne, Iran-Contra: Reagan’s Scandal and the Unchecked Abuse of Presidential Power (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2014), 45。
    05　Session of the Politburo of the CC CPSU, 11 March 1985, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/120771.
    06　Mikhail Gorbachev, Memoirs (New York: Doubleday, 1996), 102–3.
    07　Session of the Politburo of the CC CPSU, 4 April 1985, NSA-DA, nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB172/Doc8.pdf.
    08　“Conference of Secretaries of the CC CPSU,” 15 March 1985, CWIHPDA, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/121966.
    09　Reagan to Gorbachev, 11 March 195, NSA-DA, http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/dc.html?doc=2755702-Document-02.
    10　Entry for 10 October 1983, Ronald Reagan, The Reagan Diaries (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), 186.
    11　Reagan State of the Union address, 25 January 1984, PPP Reagan 1984, 1:93.
    12　Record of conversation, Reagan–Gorbachev, 20 November 1985, Geneva, in Svetlana Savranskaya and Thomas Blanton, eds., The Last Superpower Summits. Gorbachev, Reagan, and Bush. Conversations That Ended the Cold War (Budapest: Central European Press, 2016), 112.
    13　Mikhail Gorbachev, Political Report of the CPSU Central Committee to the 27th Party Congress (Moscow: Novosti, 1986), 5, 6.
    14　[CPSU CC] Politburo Session, 26 June 1986, Notes of Anatoly S. Chernyaev, NSA-DA, http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB272/Doc%204%201986–06–26%20Politburo%20Session%20on%20Afganistan.pdf. 四個月後，戈巴契夫告訴其他領導人，蘇聯必須「在一年或最多兩年內撤出軍隊」。
    15　Politburo Session, 13 November 1986, Notes of Anatoly S. Chernyaev, NSA-DA, http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB272/Doc%205%201986-11-13%20Politburo%20on%20Afghanistan.pdf.
    16　Russian transcript of Reagan–Gorbachev Summit in Reykjavik, 12 October 1986 (afternoon), published in FBIS-USR-93-121, 20 September 1993.
    17　“Excerpts from a speech given by Mikhail Gorbachev to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,” http://chnm.gmu.edu/tah-loudoun/blog/psas/end-of-the-cold-war/.
    18　“Soviets Admit Blame in Massacre of Polish Officers in World War II,” New York Times, 13 April 1990.
    19　N. Andreeva, “Ne mogu postupatsia printsipami” [I Cannot Give Up My Principles], Sovetskaia Rossiia, 13 March 1988.
    20　Record of conversation, Gorbachev-Honecker, 3 October 1986 (in German), Chronik der Mauer, http://www.chronik-dermauer.de/material/178876/niederschrift-ueber-ein-gespraech-zwischenerich-honecker-und-michail-gorbatschow-3-oktober-1986.
    21　“The Diary of Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1987–1988,” translated and edited by Svetlana Savranskaya [hereafter Cherniaev Diaries], NSA-DA, http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB250/index.htm.
    22　轉引自 David H. Shumaker, Gorbachev and the German Question: Soviet-West German Relations, 1985–1990 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995), 36。
    23　Reagan, “Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session with the Students and Faculty at Moscow State University,” 31 May 1988, PPP Reagan 1988, 1:687.
    24　轉引自 Stanley Meisner, “Reagan Recants ‘Evil Empire’ Description,” Los Angeles Times, 1 June 1988。
    25　轉引自 Igor Korchilov, Translating History: 30 Years on the Front Lines of Diplomacy with a Top Russian Interpreter (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1999), 167。
    26　Record of conversation, Gorbachev-Reagan, 1 June 1988, NSA-DA, http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB251/.
    27　轉引自 Amin Saikal and William Maley, eds., The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 19。
    28　轉引自 Archie Brown, “Did Gorbachev as General Secretary Become a Social Democrat?,” Europe-Asia Studies 65, no. 2 (2013): 209。
    29　Record of conversation, Gorbachev-Brandt, 17 October 1989, NSADA, nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB293/doc06.pdf.
    第二十一章　全球轉型
    01　Ambassador Wu Jianmin in conversation with the author, London, October 2013.
    02 Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, 1982–1992 (Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1994), 174.
    03　Ezra F. Vogel, Japan as Number One: Lessons for America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979), vii.【譯按：中譯版見傅高義，《日本第一：對美國的啟示》（上海：上海譯文出版社，二○一六）。】
    04　Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000 (New York: Random House, 1987), 467–68.
    05　“Cable from Ambassador Katori to the Foreign Minister, ‘Prime Minister Visit to China (Conversation with Chairman Deng Xiaoping),’” 25 March 1984, CWIHPDA, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/118849.
    06　ASEAN Bangkok Declaration, 8 August 1967, in Michael Leifer, ed., Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia, 3rd ed. (London: Routledge, 2001), 69.
    07　轉引自 K. Natwar Singh, “Revisiting Russia,” Business Standard, 5 March 2011。
    08　John Prados, Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA (Chicago, IL: Ivan R. Dee, 2006), 503.
    09　轉引自 The Philadelphia Inquirer, 19 December 1988。
    10　Cherniaev Diaries, 1989, http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB275/.
    11　Kevin J. Middlebrook and Carlos Rico, The United States and Latin America in the 1980s (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1986), 50.
    12　“Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences (SANU) Memorandum 1986,” Making the History of 1989, https://chnm.gmu.edu/1989/items/show/674.
    13　Abdullah Azzam, “Defense of the Muslim Lands,” https://archive.org/stream/Defense_of_the_Muslim_Lands/Defense_of_the_Muslim_Lands_djvu.txt.
    第二十二章　歐洲的現實
    01　Reagan, “Farewell Address to the Nation,” 11 January 1989, PPP Reagan 1988–89, 2:1720.
    02　National Security Review 3, 15 February 1989, GHW Bush Library, https://bush41library.tamu.edu/archives/nsr.
    03　轉引自 Sarah B. Snyder, “Beyond Containment? The First Bush Administration’s Sceptical Approach to the CSCE,” Cold War History 13, no. 4 (2013): 466。
    04　Record of conversation, Gorbachev-Thatcher, 5 April 1989, NSA-DA, http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB422/.
    05　Cherniaev Diaries, 1989, http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB275/.
    06　最佳的綜論為 Serhii Plokhy, Last Empire: The Final Days of the Soviet Union (New York: Basic Books, 2014)。
    07　“Excerpts from debate between Lech Walesa and Alfred Miodowicz, 30 November 1988,” Making the History of 1989, https://chnm.gmu.edu/1989/items/show/540.
    08　轉引自 Mark Kramer, “The Demise of the Soviet Bloc,” Journal of Modern History 83, no. 4 (2011): 804。
    09　Viktor Orbán, “The Reburial of Imre Nagy,” in The Democracy Reader, ed. Diane Ravitch and Abigail Thernstrom (New York: HarperCollins, 1992), 249.
    10　轉引自 Sergey Radchenko, Unwanted Visionaries: The Soviet Failure in Asia at the End of the Cold War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), 161。
    11　同前引，163。
    12　同前引，167。
    13　轉引自 Odd Arne Westad, “Deng Xiaoping and the China He Made,” in Makers of Modern Asia, ed. Ramachandra Guha (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014), 199–214。
    14　轉引自 Kramer, “The Demise of the Soviet Bloc,” 827。
    15　同前，828。
    16　Cherniaev Diaries, 1989, http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB275/.
    17　“From the Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev and François Mitterrand,” 5 July 1989, Making the History of 1989, https://chnm.gmu.edu/1989/items/show/380.
    18　見 Mary Elise Sarotte, The Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall (New York: Basic Books, 2014), 146–49。
    19　Petra Ruder, quoted in Kai Diekmann and Ralf Georg Reuth, eds., Die längste Nacht, der grösste Tag: Deutschland am 9 November 1989 [The Longest Night, the Greatest Day: Germany on 9 November 1989] (Munich: Piper, 2009), 167.
    20　Helmut Kohl’s Ten-Point Plan for German Unity (28 November 1989), German History in Documents and Images, http://germanhistorydocs.ghidc.org/docpage.cfm?docpage_id=118.
    21　轉引自 R.C. Longworth, “France Stepping Up Pressure for a United States of Europe,” Chicago Tribune, 30 October 1989。
    22　Charles Powell to Stephen Wall, 20 January 1990, Margaret Thatcher Foundation, http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/113883.
    23　見 Frédéric Bozo, Mitterrand, the End of the Cold War and German Unification (New York: Berghahn Books, 2009)。
    24　Record of telephone conversation, Bush-Kohl, 29 November 1989,Memcons and Telcons, https://bush41library.tamu.edu/archives/memconstelcons (hereafter Bush Memcons), Bush Library.
    25　轉引自 Mary Sarotte, 1989: The Struggle to Create Post-Cold War Europe (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009), 111。
    26　轉引自 “Hungary Declares Independence,” Chicago Tribune, 25 October 1989。
    27　轉引自 Steven Greenhouse, “350,000 at Rally Cheer Dubcek,” New York Times, 25 November 1989。
    28　“New Year’s Address to the Nation, 1990,” Havel’s Selected Speeches and Writings, http://old.hrad.cz/president/Havel/speeches/index_uk.html.
    29　Transcribed from video recording, 21 December 1989, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wWIbCtz_Xwk.
    30　Record of conversation, 2 December 1989, first meeting, Bush Memcons, Bush Library.
    31　Transcribed video recording, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKtdBAJGK9I.
    32　Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania, “Act on the Reestablishment of the Independent State of Lithuania,” 11 March 1990, http://www.lrkt.lt/en/legal-information/lithuanias-independence-acts/act-of-11-march/366.
    33　轉引自 Bridget Kendall, “Foreword,” Irina Prokhorova, ed., 1990: Russians Remember a Turning Point (London: MacLehose, 2013), 12。
    34　轉引自 Archie Brown, “Did Gorbachev as General Secretary Become a Social Democrat?,” Europe-Asia Studies 65, no. 2 (2013): 198–220。
    35　轉引自 Hanns Jürgen Küsters, “The Kohl-Gorbachev Meetings in Moscow and in the Caucasus, 1990,” Cold War History 2, no. 2 (2002): 195–235。
    36　“Treaty on the Final Settlement with Regard to Germany,” United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 1696, I-29226.
    37　“Address given by Hans-Dietrich Genscher at the signing of the Two Plus Four Treaty,” 12 September 1990, CVCE website, http://www.cvce.eu/obj/address_given_by_hans_dietrich_genscher_at_the_signing_of_the_two_plus_four_treaty_moscow_12_september_1990-ene14baf8d-c613–4c0d-9816–8830a7f233e6.html.
    38　Milosevic’s Speech, Kosovo Field, 28 June 1989, http://www.slobodan-milosevic.org/spch-kosovo1989.htm.
    39　轉引自 David Thomas Twining, Beyond Glasnost: Soviet Reform and Security Issues (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1992), 26。
    40　Record of telephone conversation, 18 January 1991, Bush Memcons, Bush Library.
    41　Bush, “Remarks to the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Ukraine,” 1 August 1991, PPP Bush 1991, 2:1007.
    42　“Yeltsin’s address to the Russian people,” 19 August 1991, https://web.viu.ca/davies/H102/Yelstin.speech.1991.htm.
    43　轉引自 The New York Times, 24 August 1991。
    44　Soglashenie o Sozdanii Sodruzhestva Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv [Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States], 8 December 1991, http://www.worldcourts.com/eccis/rus/conventions/1991.12.08_Agreement_CIS.htm.
    45　“End of the Soviet Union: Text of Gorbachev’s Farewell Speech,” New York Times, 26 December 1991.
    46　Record of telephone conversation, Gorbachev-Bush, 25 December 1991, Bush Memcons, Bush Library.
    47　Andrei S. Grachev, Final Days: The Inside Story of the Collapse of the Soviet Union (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1995), 192.
    結語　冷戰塑造的世界
    01　Constantine Pleshakov, There Is No Freedom Without Bread!: 1989 and the Civil War That Brought Down Communism (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009).
    02　“Russians Name Brezhnev Best 20th-Century Leader, Gorbachev Worst,” 22 May 2013, Russia Today, https://www.rt.com/politics/brezhnevstalin-gorbachev-soviet-638/.
    03　轉引自 Chuck Sudetic, “Evolution in Europe: Bulgarian Communist Stalwart Says He’d Do It All Differently,” New York Times, 28 November 1990。
    04　Wilfried Loth, Die Teilung der Welt: Geschichte des Kalten Krieges 1941–1955 [The Division of the World: The History of the Cold War 1941–1955] (Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag, 1980).
    05　François Genoud, ed., The Testament of Adolf Hitler; the HitlerBormann Documents, February–April 1945 (London: Cassell, 1961), 103.
    06　Yevgeny Chazov, Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1985, https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1985/physicianslecture.html.
    07　Depeche Mode (Alan Wilder), “Two Minute Warning,” from Construction Time Again, Mute Records, 1983.