结论

    我国电信业自1994年以来经历了两波重大体制改革,市场竞争已经被引进到包括基础电信营运在内的各个电信业务层次,表明电信业需要、也可以开放市场。但是,我国电信业已经完成的市场开放,还带有明显的结构性缺陷。参照美国电信业开放市场竞争的经验教训,在一个基础电信网络竞争不足的结构里,电信改革牵动的各方既得利益极有可能形成胶着状态,从而缠住电信业进一步开放的步伐。中国电信业能不能避免这种前途,取决于是否坚持“管制改革”的方针。在这个意义上可以说,刚刚完成新一波改革开放的中国电信业,仍然处在一个需要对电信市场框架的若干重大问题作出抉择的叉道口。

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    (1) 和讯综合2000年5月23日消息。

    (2) 国际电信联盟:《世界电信指标》,2000年5月。

    (3) 1999年全国邮政电信发展情况,中国计算机报,2000年5月16日。

    (4) 例如,见Armstrong等(1998),Beesley(1997),Daniel(1997)和耶金(1999)。

    (5) 见Crandall and Waverman(1995)对美国电信业改革的分析,Beesley(1987)和Armstrong(1995)对英国电信业改革的分析。

    (6) Roche, 1999, 41.

    (7) 市场权力意味着企业对市场价格具有影响力,通常由企业占有的市场份额决定的。在美国,超过70%的市场份额就被看作具有对市场的垄断权力,许多法院甚至采取如下的立场,把占有50%市场份额的公司看作“发现垄断的先决条件”(见Cameron and Glick, 1996: 193)。

    (8) 对于1982年美国法院判决原Bell System解体一案的批评和重新思考,见Higgins(1995),Temin(1995),Arrow(1995)等。

    (9) 参见电讯产业课题组(1998),粤港信息产业合作课题组(1999)。

    (10) The Yankee Group, 1999.