[1] 王浩,“Toward Mechanical Mathematics”,IBM Journal of Research and Development,Vol. 4,No. 1(Jan. 1960),2-22。可在http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/04l/ibmrd0401B.pdf获得。
[2] Donald Mackenzie,“The Automation of Proof:A Historical and Sociological Exploration”,Annals of the History of Computing,Vol. 17,No. 3(1995年秋),7-29。
[3] 马丁·戴维斯,“A Computer Program for Presburger’s Algorithm” in Jörg Seikmann and Graham Wrightson,eds., Automation of Reasoning 1: Classical Papers on Computational Logic, 1957-1966(Springer-Verlag,1983),41-48。
[4] Allen Newell,J. C. Shaw,and H. A. Simon,“Empirical Explorations with the Logic Theory Machine: A Case Study in Heuristics”,Proceedings of the Western Joint Computer Conference,Vol. 15(1957),218-239。重印于Edward A. Feigenbaum and Julian Feldman,eds.,Computers and Thought(MIT Press,1995),109-133。
[5] 引用自Michael J. Beeson,“The Mechanization of Mathematics”,in Christof Teuscher,ed.,Alan Turing: Life and Legacy of a Great Thinker(Springer,2004),93。
[6] http://www.randomhouse.com/modernlibrary/100bestnonfiction.html。
[7] William Aspray,The Princeton Mathematics Community in the 1930s: An Oral-History Project。1984年4月26日于威斯康星麦迪逊对J. Barkley Rosser和Stephen C. Kleene的采访。http://www.princeton.edu/~mudd/finding_aids/mathoral/pmc23.htm。
[8] 本书作者,Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software (Microsoft Press,1999),第12章。
[9] 刘易斯·卡罗尔,Symbolic Logic: Part I. Elementary(Macmillan,1896),118。答案是:“没有一只绿眼睛的猫会和大猩猩玩。”你知道的。
[10] 刘易斯·卡罗尔,“What the Tortoise Said to Achilles”,Mind,New Series,Vol. 4,No. 14(Apr 1895),278-280,之后被多次重印。
[11] 亨利·庞加莱,Science and Method,英译本译者为Francis Maitland(Thomas Nelson & Sons,1914;Dover,2003),147。
[12] Bew是德语单词beweisbar的缩写,意为“可证明的”。——编者注
[13] 我引用的三篇哥德尔的文章可在Kurt Gödel,Collected Works: Volume I, Publications 1929-1936(Oxford University Press,1986)得到。
[14] 马丁·戴维斯,“The Early History of Automated Deduction”. in Alan Robinson and Andrei Voronkov, eds.,Handbook of Automated Reasoning(MIT Press,2001),Vol. 1,3-15。
[15] 引自 Jean van Heijenoort,ed.,From Frege to Gödel:A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879-1931(Harvard University Press,1967),83-97。完整版本可在Selected Works of Giuseppe Peano,由Hubert C. Kennedy翻译并编辑(George Allen & Unwin,1973),101-134得到。
[16] 重印于William Ewald,ed.,From Kant to Hilbert:A Source Book in the Foundations of Mathematics(Oxford University Press,1996),Vol. II,787-833。
[17] 希尔伯特和贝奈斯,Grundlagen der Mathematik,Volume I(Springer,1934),218。
[18] 希尔伯特,“Foundations of Mathematics”,From Frege to Gödel,467。
[19] 希尔伯特和贝奈斯,Grundlagen der Mathematik,Volume I,209。我把记号修改了一下,以便和图灵的一致。