索引
土耳其的著名历史人物并非按照姓氏,
而是按照名字的字母顺序排列。
以下页码为原书页码,即本书边码。
Abdülaziz,Sultan,14
Abdülhamid Ⅱ,Sultan,14,32-34,53,59,136,147,155,207,296,305
Abdullah Efendi restaurant,314
Abdullah Frères photographic studio,59
Abdülhak Adnan(politician and husband of Halide Edip),210-15,255
Abdülmecid,caliph,87,180-81
Abdülmecid Ⅰ,Sultan,270-71,279
Abwehr(German military intelligence),310-13
Adil,Fikret,151
Aegean coast,36,71,75,77,194
Aegean Sea,15,40,70,72-73,78,121,163
African-Americans,138-41
Agabekov,Georgy,246-47
Agamemnon,40,41
Ahmed Tevfik Pasha,318
Albania,Albanians,34,61,71,79,190,191,192,286,289,313
alcohol,142-43,181,187
Alexander,king of Greece,71,77-78
Ali Ayetullah,208
Allenby,Edmund,42,58
Allies,184
armistice with Ottomans by,see Mudros agreement battleships of,37,72
Bulgarian armistice with,39-40
concern for Jews by,357-59
fleet of,37,40-43
Istanbul occupied by,40-45,49-66,70,72-76,78-86,96,100-102,106,114-15,118-20,124,127,130-31,135-36,140,151-52,155,157,203-4,206,210-11,213,222,223,225,245,259,271,299
Istanbul’s sex trade and,148-51
Normandy invaded by,313,362
refugees cared for by,91-92
Russian Revolution and,94
territorial goals of,37,82
Treaty of Lausanne and,114-15
Turkish demands on,74
in World War Ⅰ,35-40,64,71
in World War Ⅱ,291,295,297,306-8,310-11,314,326,338,348,352,356,369
American College for Girls,51,207-8,309
American Consulate,308,309,318,331,373
American Embassy,328
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee(Joint),325,337,360-61
Anatolia,18,31,52,55,72,74,76,78,83-84,91,92,118,122,165,184,192,222,225,226,327,370
central,73
coast of,238
folk songs of,161,168,170,171
in Human Landscapes,219-20
Muslim immigrants from,49,373
southeastern,194,210
southern,52
western,73,91
withdrawal of Italian troops from,79
Anatolia,eastern,36,37,53,57,126,129,194,211,334,375
anti-Kemalist uprisings in,186
Armenian deportation from,37-39
Armenian homeland proposed for,59,210
division of,75
Ottoman positions in,35
Soviet Union and,290
Anatolian News Agency,212,255
Ankara,77-79,116,121,147,184,186,212,225,276,279,293,312,313,322,323,339,347,354,363,371
capital moved to,4,5,75,194
as center of government,84-85,115,193,194-95,290,314,327-29
foreign embassies in,295
Jewish community organizations in,337
Kemal establishes headquarters in,73,255
population of,193
Ansari,Abu Ayyub al-,135
antisemitism,332,346,365
and Jewish refugees,330
Arabian Peninsula,31,51,193
Arabic,115
Arabic language,9,188-89,227
Arabs,31,34,36,76,145,194,350
in Palestine,330,332
revolt against Ottomans by,37
Ardɪç,Mahmut,304-5
Armenia,75
refugees from,91
Armenian Apostolic Church,10,165,187,194
in Istanbul population,58-59
Armenian Catholic Church,351
Armenian genocide,41,42-43,60,129,165-66,194,306
Armenian language,118,167
Armenian nationalism,59-60
Armenians,5,8,13,17,26,27,31-33,44,49-51,61-63,69,72,124,142,163-65,171,184,191,194,207,245,246,298,374,375,377
Allied occupation and,75
Allied preference for,64-65
attacks on,73
deportation from Anatolia of,37-39
economic marginalization of,121-31,333-34,365
genocide of,39,41,42-43,60,129,165-66,194,306
Hrant Kenkulian as,162
as prostitutes,139
religions of,63
in Smyrna,80
Unionists assassinated by,42-43
Armstrong,Therese,303
Atamansky Regiment,Cossack,105
Atatürk,Mustafa Kemal,8,52-57,72-75,82,85,114,129,147,151,170,173,180,183,204,210,212,223-25,262-63,278,279,306,318,349,353,371,372,375
adopted daughters of,182,186,205-6
anti-occupation resistance by,116,255
appearance and personality of,182-83
as commander in chief of Turkish forces,79,82,183
death of,184,215,292-93,293
dictatorial aspects of,214,223
elevation of Turks to new nationality by,190-91
enemies list of,184-85
on Hagia Sophia,276
Istanbul and,189-90,197
modernization and,181,277,370
on neutrality,289
“Nutuk” speech and official history by,214-15,219
personality cult of,182,206,291-92
portraits of,81,115,196
as president,75,115,213,304
Trotsky and,235
as uncontested nationalist leader,79,255
women’s rights under,202
Atatürk Cultural Center,196
Athens,70,77-78,119,121,124,127,263,277,278,374
Roza Eskenazi in,163-64
Atlantic Monthly,110
Atlantic Records,174
Auerbach,Erich,296
Auschwitz-Birkenau,357,359
Austria,9,24,45,70,165,243,246,290,314
Anschluss and,297
refugees from,295-96
Austria-Hungary,24,32,34-35,114
end of empire in,45
Averoff,41
Axis Powers,291,295,298,306-7,308,314,320,325-26,331,336-38,345,352,355,356
Ayasofya,see Hagia Sophia
Azerbaijan,Azerbaijanis,99,101,183,225,245
Aziz Bey(diplomat),317
Bacanos,Yorgos,170
Baha(public prosecutor),158-59
Baker,Josephine,159-60
Balakian,Grigoris,41
Balat(neighborhood),61,62
Balian family,59
Balkans,4,18,31,41,49,52,71,91,192,274,291,298,307
1870s territorial changes in,33
Jewish refugees from,325,337,345
Wehrmacht in,303
in World War Ⅰ,35,39
Balkan Wars,8,34,162
Bandɪrma,57
Barlas,Chaim,329-32,334-38,341,345,348-49,351-53,355,357-60,364-65
Bartók,Béla,168
Bazna,Elyesa,313
beauty pageants,254,256-63,261,267
Bedreddin,Sheikh,229-30
Beirut,129,351,369
Belgium,22,24,108,192,257,258,261-63,267,376
government-in-exile of,300
Bell,Marie,159
Benedict Ⅺ,Pope,353
Ben-Gurion,David,330
Bergson,Peter,326
Berlin,41,42,243,263,296,306,313,363
Beylerbeyi(neighborhood),8,59
Bibesco,Marthe,155
Black Sea,15,17,24,35,39,49,57,93,98,107,226,229-30,289,291,320,322-23,332,344,357,359,360,370,375,378
Bliss,Robert and Mildred Woods,275
Bliumkin,Yakov,249
Blythe,Betty,159
Bodosakis-Athanasiades,Prodromos,69-70,72,124-25,127-29,131,255,377
Bolshevik Revolution,98,106,110,183,235,237,248,276
Bolsheviks,43,93,96-99,101-2,104,106,109-10,116,223,225,226,239,245,248-49,252,295,296,352
Turkish,225
“Boo Boo Baby I’m a Spy,” 311-12
Börklüce(leader of uprising),229
Bosnia-Herzegovina,34,192
Bosphorus,8,15-16,36,51,53,60,83,86,129,155,161,189,193,206,215,234,245,259,263,274,291,295,296,297,300,320,322,360,363,376
Allied force in,40-42
boatmen on,17
metro line underneath,18
waves and currents on,18
Boston,Mass.,272,276
Boutnikoff’s Symphony Orchestra,137
Boyer,Charles,159
Brand,Joel,357-58
Breslau,35
Brettschneider,Teodor,321,323
Bridges,Tom,42,93
Bristol,Mark,51,76,96,223
Britain,British,24,64,117,119,170,207,209,214,237,243,289,318
immigration quotas in,330
imperialist tendencies of,76
intelligence services of,245-46,307-8,312-13,314
mandate over former Ottoman territories by,75,290
Mehmed Ⅵ protected by,85-86
military advisors to Ottomans from,32,55
in occupation of Istanbul,4,39-42,50-52,54-56,74-76,78-86,91-92,96-97,99-100,115-16,118,136,148,212,244,349
in Ottoman demise,32,35,77
Palestine under Mandate of,320-24,329-32,338-41
Turkey’s relations with,294
in World War Ⅰ,35-40,71,94
British Consulate,300,318,331,373
British Embassy,156,322,339
Brod,Simon,321,360
Brodsky,Joseph,373
brothels,147-52
disguised as harems,201
legal,3,138,147,148,151
see also prostitutes
Brussels,23,117
Bucharest,339,346
Budapest,14,339,356-59
Bülbül,361-63
Bulgaria,Bulgarians,24,53,61,79,106,117,136,162,190,192,207,230,307,318,322,354,356,362
armistice with Allies by,39-40,114
British diplomats expelled from,298,302
German troops in,303
Germany and,298-99
independence of,34
Jewish refugees from,326,335,339,355
in World War Ⅰ,35,39-40
Burgess,Guy,249
Bursa,205,219
Busbecq,Ogier Ghiselin de,13
Büyükada(Prinkipo),238-44,246,249,255,359
Byzantine Empire,238
architectural remainders of,4,373
conquest of,76
Greek desire to restore,71
history and image of,273-75
Italian trade with,49
Jews and,60
Byzantine Institute,276,277-80,285
Byzantium,13,270
art of,274-75,280-85
churches of,267-68,271,376
earthquakes in,18
economy of,15-16
emperors of,14
founding of,15
Greek-speaking,119
legal codes of,15
old quarter of,16,20
see also Istanbul
Café Lebon,64,147
caiques,16-17
Cairo,263,358
calendar,in Istanbul,179-80
caliph,caliphate:
Abdülmecid as,87,180-81
abolished,180-81,186,277
Mehmed Ⅴ as,35
Mehmed Ⅵ as,43,85-86
separated from sultanate,87,180
sultan as,5,10,37,58
Cambridge spy ring,249
Çankaya Avenue,238-39,244
capitalism,238,241
Capitulations system,63-66
Çapulcular(Thugs)Street,26,129
Carp,Betty,309-10,334
Cathedral of the Holy Spirit,349,351-53,359-60
Caucasus,32,35,37,39,84,98,102,103,105,107,190,226,227,246
Celile Hanɪm(mother of Nâzɪm Hikmet),221
Cemal Pasha,34,37,42-43,56
census,Turkish national,192-93
Central Asia,43,235,257
nomads in,189
origin of Ottomans in,16
Central Powers,in World War Ⅰ,35-40
Cevad(owner of Opera Cinema),158-59
Chalcedon,15
Chamber of Commerce and Industry,Istanbul,124
Chamberlain,Neville,332
Charleston(dance),banning of,142
Chebyshev,Nikolai,97
Cheka(Bolshevik secret police),248
China,248-49
Christians,Christianity,39,61,229,270,278
,274
canon law in,181
deportation from Anatolia of,37
economic marginalization of,121-31,152
in Istanbul,51,121
Istanbul as epicenter of,10
nationalists feared by,118-19
as refugees in Istanbul,92
response to Allied occupation by,40-41,64-65
taxes on,58
women,203
see also Greeks(ethnic),Armenians Christie,Agatha,14,25,118,235,373
Church of the Holy Savior in Chora(Kariye mosque),267
Churchill,Winston,78,83,241,310,317
Church of Sts. Sergius and Bacchus,267
Cicero(double agent),313
Çɪrağan Palace,50,376
Circassians,43,191
Columbia Gramophone,170
Committee for the Education of Russian Youth in Exile,106-10
Committee of Union and Progress,see Unionists communism,225,227,230,241,245,248,252,352
Communist Party,Soviet,224
Communist Party,Turkish,225-26
Communist University of the Workers of the East,226-27
Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits et des Grands-Express Européens,23-26,69,377
Constanta,102,320,361
Constantine,king of Greece,71,77-78,84
Constantine Ⅺ Palaeologus,emperor of Byzantium,78
Constantine the Great,emperor of Rome,13,15
Constantinople,10,13,25,42,268
see also Istanbul
Cossacks,93-95,98,100,102,105,107,138,245
Cox,Oscar S.,327
Crete,34,70,303
Crimea,94-95,103,105,106,107,109,160,190
Crimean War,371
Cumhuriyet(The Republic),8,256-57,260,262,267,279,296,303
Curtiss,Joseph,309
cymbals,Zildjian,172-73
Cyprus,75,372
Czechoslovakia,108,356
Czechs,in Istanbul,308
Dadiani,Koki,100-101
Daily Mail,82
Damascus,39,224,351
Danube River,191
Dardanelles Straits,15,36-37,39,74-76,82,290-91
Democratic Party,Turkish,370-71
Denikin,Anton,93-94,97-98,117,140
Deutscher,Isaac,244
Deutsche Schule,297
Divanyolu,20
divorce,202,203
Diyarbakɪr,210
Doctors’Plot,251-52
Dolmabahçe Palace,41,50,59,86,189,213,292,376
Don,95
Donovan,William “Wild Bill,” 310
Don River,93,107
Dos Passos,John,14,196,244-45
drag queens,137,162
drugs,144-45
Dukelsky,Vladimir(Vernon Duke),137
Dumbarton Oaks,275,285
Dunn,Robert,138,245
earthquakes,18-19
Eastern Question,31-32
Eastman,Max,242-43
Ece,Keriman Halis,see Keriman Halis Edip Bey(father of Halide Edip),206-8,215
Edirne,185-86
education:
in French schools,205
for women,203,207-8
Education Ministry,Turkish,258,296
Edward Ⅷ,king of England,285
Egypt,150,209,275,279,327
as free of Ottoman control,75
Eichmann,Adolf,356-57
Einstein,Albert,296
Eitingon,Chaim,247-48
Eitingon,Leonid,247-52,323
Eitingon,Max,248
Ellis,Gertrude,303
Emergency Committee to Save the Jewish People of Europe,326
Eminönü(neighborhood),157,376
Emlak Bank,128
Emniyet(Turkish secret police),304-6
English language,118,161
Enver Pasha,34,37,42-43,55,56,306
Ephesus,229
“Epic of Sheikh Bedreddin”(Nâzɪm Hikmet),229-30
Eristavi,Gigusha,99
Eristavi,Princess,100
Ertegün,Ahmet,173-75
Ertegün,Münir,173-74
Ertegün,Nesuhi,173-75
Ertuğrul,189
Ertuğrul,Muhsin,157,213,220
Erzurum,72,129
Eskenazi,Roza,162-65,167,169,171,284
Ethiopia,146,272
eunuchs,134,138,145-47
Europe,256,295,298
collapse of empires in,6
colonies of,241
eastern,63,356
Muslim exiles from southeastern,8
occupied,312
Ottomans in,192,193
Pullman cars in,23
World War Ⅱ in,291
Evliya Çelebi,ⅹⅴ,142-43,151
Eyüp(neighborhood),61,135,143
ezan,187-88
feminism,feminists,155
Muslim,213,216,375
Ottoman,146
Feriha Tevfik,257-58
ferries,17-18,30,53,136
Feustel,Hans Walter(travel agent),297
fez,banning of,181,201,263
Filov,Bogdan,299
fires,19-22,26-27,49,137,163
Florya,99-100,117,292
Foreign Affairs Ministry,Turkish,335,339,354,363
Foreign Office,British,312-13
Fossati,Gaspare and Giuseppe,270-71,275,278-79
Fox-Pitt,Billy,82,105,115,156
France,French,24,32,39,52,64,95,108,117,141,150,156,214,237,243-44,255,258,288,333,355,364
in occupation of Istanbul,40-42,50-52,66,69,74-76,115,136,148,244
in Ottoman demise,55,75,77-79,290
refugees in istanbul aided by,91-92
republican tradition of,183,186-87
Turkey’s relations with,294
in World War Ⅰ,35-40,71,94
Franchet d’Espèrey,Louis,42,58
Franco,Francisco,250,292
Frenc,David and israel,321,323
French language,49,118,161,162,240,350
Furlong,Charles,65-66
Fyodorov,Georgy,104
Galata(neighborhood),42,49,115,118,140,297,373
Galata Bridge,30,103,192,205,218
Galatasaray Lycée,8,222,288
Galata Tower,49,104,300
Gallipoli:
battle of,36-37,52,53,222
refugee camp at,97,117
Garbo,Greta,159
Garden Bar,5,136-37,375
Gare de l’Est,22
Geffner,Emanuel,321,323
General Kornilov,95
George V,king of England,51,84
Georgia,98-102,117,226
German Consulate,297,318
German Embassy,313
German language,296,297,310,323
Germany,Germans,24,42,45,76,78,102,108,114,117,144,237,240,243,256,323
Anschluss and,297
armed interventions by,32
armistice signed by,40
bombings by,299
businessmen from,69
films from,156
intelligence services of,310-11
in Istanbul,4,297-98,308,318-19,363
Jews-for-goods exchange and,357-58
Jews prohibited from leaving by,320
military advisors to Ottomans from,32,35,70,298
Ottoman alliance with,35,55
refugees from,295-96
Soviet Union and,289,303,306,340
transfer of Jews to killing sites by,338
Turkey’s relations with,256,290,294,298,306,363
in World War Ⅰ,35,39,70,290
in World War Ⅱ,289-90
Gesarian,Aram and Vahram,171,333-34
Gezi Park,196
Gibbon,Edward,274
Gibraltar,115
Giz,Selahattin,7-9,9,162,178
Glorya cinema,156-57,159
Goebbels,Joseph,266,285-86,289,290,369
Goeben,35
Gökalp,Ziya,190,210
Gökçen,Sabiha,186
Golden Horn,12,14,15,20,21,26,27,42,44,49,59,60,61,68,105,136,137,143,145,151,152,195,203,267,300,349,350
Goldin,Joseph,323,331
Gottschalk,Walter,296
Gramophone Company,170
Grand Bazaar,19,21,49,103,150,195,286,297,309,334
Grand Cercle Moscovite restaurant,105,117,173,375
Grande Rue(Independence Avenue;İstiklâl),3,6,14,20,26-27,31,37,42,74,97,98,103,116,118,141,149,155,156,160,166,187,192,195,196,208,220,276,288,297,318,331,372,373,375,377
Grand National Assembly,Turkish,75,84-85,114,124,185,262,276
Adnan as president of,213
Atatürk named by,291-92
Democratic Party in,370-71
Halide Edip in,215
head of state selected by,293-94
independence tribunals of,227
monarchy abolished by,85,115
new caliph named by,87,180
troops of,82
women in,202
Graveyard Street(Kabristan),25-27,103,129,135,149,245,300;see also Meşrutiyet(Constitution)Avenue Great Depression,248
Greece,ancient,274-75
Greece(Hellenic state),7,9,79,108,119,222,247,290,371-72
beauty contests and Turkish rivalry with,258,267
designs on Ottoman territory of,77-79,119,211
exchange of minorities with Turkey in,121-23
Greek refugees in,120-21
Muslim refugees from,8,91,123,136,157,162,170,171,190,205,221-22,375
in occupation of Istanbul,40-42,50,76
in Ottoman empire,70,77
PAOK soccer team in,123
rapprochement between Turkey and,277
revolt against Ottoman rule by,70-71
Salonica taken over by,7-8,163,222,224
territory ceded to,75,76
Turkish battle against,78-80,84-87,115,120
in World War Ⅰ,35-36,39,64,70-72,113
in World War Ⅱ,303,307,336
Greek army(Hellenic army),64,73,77,91,118,171,211,294
in battle of İnönü,78-79
withdrawals by,79-82
Greek language,61,69,71,118,122,240,275
Greek Orthodox Church,9,59,69-70,118,179,187,269,277,280,351
patriarch of,70,119-20,126
Greek Powder and Cartridge Company,128
Greeks,ancient,as early colonists in Istanbul,15,59
Greeks(ethnic):
Allied occupation and,41,64-65,75,119
definition of,ⅹⅲ
diaspora of,80,120-23,127,162-64,171,374
divisions among istanbul’s,119-20
economic marginalization in Turkey of,121-31,194,277,333,334,365
economic power in Istanbul of,27,44,119,121,124
in Istanbul,8,17,31,32,49,51,58-59,61-62,64,70,81,122-24,142,149,179,184,191,194,207,240,277,283,301,375
in Smyrna,80
in Turkey,80,120-23
Greeks(Hellenes),ⅹⅲ,70-72,80,152,244
Gritchenko,Alexis,138
Guernica,186
Guide Bleu,26,179-80
Guth,Fritz,365
György,Andrea,357
Haganah,330
Hagia Eirene,267
Hagia Sophia,18,21,189,195,256,268-86,310
Deesis in,280,281-84
mosaics of,270-71,277-80
as museum,285
Haidar,Musbah,41
Haifa,321,324,339,341
Halide Edip,33,206-16,255,259,263,305,375
Halil Bey(parliamentarian),276,279
Halis Bey(father of Keriman Halis),259-60,262
hamals(porters),103,108,155
Hampshire Regiment,British,92
hans(commercial houses),50
Haralambos(friend of Trotsky),240
Harbin,248-49
Harbiye(neighborhood),349-51
harem:
foreign fascination with,145-46,201
Ottoman imperial,134,145-47
Harington,Charles “Tim,” 78,81-83,85-86,91-92,96,115,148,213,349
Haydarpaşa station,18,53,118,219,360-62
Hayɪrsɪzada,238
Hebrew language,331
Heimatlose(legally homeless),296
Hellenes:
definition of,ⅹⅲ
see also Greeks(Hellenes)
Hemingway,Ernest,4-5,80,127,135-36,150
Herbert,Aubrey,20
Herodotus,15
Herzog,Isaac(chief rabbi of Jerusalem),352,355
Heybeliada,222,229
Hikmet Bey(father of Nâzɪm Hikmet),221-22
Hindemith,Paul,168
Hirschmann,Ira,319,324-29,332,335-37,339,341,345,357-61,364
Hissar Players,51
Hitler,Adolf,256,286,290,294,303,307,313,339,348,352,356,359
HMV(His Master’s Voice),170-72
Holocaust,326,330,356-57,359,364
Hôtel de Londres,26,127
Human Landscapes from My Country(Nâzɪm Hikmet),219-20,229,231
Hungary,Hungarians,102,117,257
in Istanbul,308
Jewish refugees from,326,335,339,357-59,363
Jews-for-goods exchange and,357-59
Jews persecuted,in,355-57
İğneada,362
Ilyich,236
Imperial Ottoman Bank,37
İnan,Afet,205-6
India,37,51,214
Industrial Revolution,194
İnönü,battle of,78-79,82
İnönü,İsmet(İsmet Pasha),120,196,262,294,306,370-71
İpekçi brothers,157,220
İpek Film,157
Iran,192
Iraq,118
Iron Duke,51,82
Islam,6,9,17,26
alcohol and,143
caliph’s role in,see caliph
call to prayer in,20,187-89
images supposedly prohibited by,270,278
Istanbul’s place in,10,180-81
propriety and morality in,151,152,182-83,186
sharia law in,181,186
Shi’a,187
Sunni,187
Turkish disestablishment of,181,277
see also Muslims
Islamic art,273
Islamic imperialism,189-90
Islamophobia,78
İsmet Bey,78,82-83;see also İnönü,İsmet İsmet Pasha,see İnönü,İsmet
Israel,364
Istanbul,4,5,41,44,48,57,77,119,163,164,211,212,223,276,354,372,376-77
academic refugees in,293-94
Allied occupation of,40-45,49-57,62-66,74-77
Armenians in,91
Atatürk in,72,292
battle lines not far from,34
British officials evacuated to,299
changing landscape of,21,26-27,195-97
civilian refugees in,44
civil society of,272
as democratizing,158
departure of non-Muslims from,119
dining in,143-44
earthquakes in,18-19
economy of,52,62,114,130
espionage in,32-33,102,239,244-47,249,295,298,304-14
European luxury goods in,31
fires in,19-22,26-27,49
foreign subjects in,58,63-66
geography of,15
Germans in,297-98
as global city,9-10
Greek designs on,71,77-78
Greek legacy of,277,278
Greeks in,8,17,31,32,49,51,58-59,61-62,64,70,81,121,122-24,142,149,179,184,191,194,207,240,277,283,301,375
historic areas of,276-77
hüzün of,5
immigrants to,308
as island of outcasts and the self-made,5
Jewish refugees and,320-24,326,329-39,349-65
Jews of,321
keeping to one’s own sphere in,61-62
Kemalism vs.,189-90
keyif of,5
languages of,118
mahalles(neighborhoods)of,61-62
modernization of,195-97
mood of hopelessness and resignation in,5
as multicultural,60-61,118-19,130,149,152
as Muslim empire,41
as Muslim and modern,5
Muslim refugees to,32,43,49-50
names for,13
national census in,192
nationalist condemnation of,152
navigating,17-18
neighborhoods of,60-61
nightlife in,90,135-52,139,178,196
noise in,135-36,155-56
non-Muslim minorities in,49,51,58
occupation of,290
as Ottoman capital,31
Ottoman conquest of,13,16,21,187
pandemonium of daily life in,118
popular culture of,62
population of,9,45,57-58,92,96,113,129,136,192-93,194
public parks in,25
railway service to,25
railway terminus of,14-15
refugees in,91-110,147
sea approach to,13-14
seven hills of,20,60
as sitting on two continents,18
skyline of,195,197
suburbs of,9
Trotsky in,235-44
Unionist troops in,34
use of name,ⅹⅲ
Western immigrants to,6-8,10
and West’s image of the islamic world,6
women’s rights movement in,204
in World War Ⅰ,35,39
in World War Ⅱ,303