see also specific subject entries

    Istanbul University,215,296

    Italian language,350

    Italian Riviera,87

    Italy,Italians,18,76,108,243,272,316,350

    films from,156

    Jewish refugees from,352

    in occupation of istanbul,40-42,50-51,115,136,244

    in Ottoman demise,77-78

    in trade with Byzantine Empire,49

    Tripolitania annexed by,34,53

    Turkey and,286

    withdrawal of troops from Anatolia by,79

    in World War Ⅰ,71

    in World War Ⅱ,289,307

    Izmir,193,337

     see also Smyrna

    Jacquart,Camille,192-93

    Jale,Afife,167-68

    janissaries,19

    Japan,76,208,246,279,318-19

    jazz,7,137,151,154,166,170,172,173

    Jerusalem,314,323,327,340,352,355

    Jewish Agency for Palestine,321-23,331,336-38,348-49,355,358-61

    Immigration Department of,330,364

    Jews,8,13,31,49,50,61,62,118,124,136,164,179,207,229,247-48,251-52,297,301,374-75

    Ashkenazi,63

    in Balat,61

    in Byzantine era,60

    chief rabbi of,10,59

    departure from Istanbul of,364-65

    economic marginalization of,121-31,152,333-34,365

    evacuation from occupied Europe of,319-41,344,345-65

    Final Solution as threat to,326,330,359

    immigration quotas for,330

    Istanbul as haven from antisemitism for,60,295-96

    in Istanbul population,58-59,60

    rabbinical decisions and,181

    Roza Eskenazi as,162-63

    Sabbath of,61

    in Salonica,162-63

    Sephardic,7,60,63,364

    taxes on,58

    Tokatlian Hotel boycotted by,297,317

    Turkish,336

    Turkish citizenship and,333

    violence against,185-86

    women,203

    John ⅩⅩⅢ,Pope(Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli),353-55,358-60,364

    Joint Chiefs of Staff,US,117

    Justinian Ⅰ,emperor,14-15,268,285

    Kadɪköy(neighborhood),220,376

    Kadɪnlar Dünyasɪ(Women’s World),204

    kadɪs(judges),Muslim,147

    Kağɪthane(neighborhood),61,135

    Kalis,Erich(bookseller),297

    Kapps,Andres(bookseller),297

    Karabekir,Kâzɪm,79

    Karagöz,156

    Karantinos,Mr.(Pera Palace manager),301,377

    Kariye mosque,see Church of the Holy Savior in Chora Karpich’s restaurant,141

    Kazakhstan,235-36,240

    Kazbek,360,363

    Kemalist army,82,211,223,294

    in battle of İnönü,79,82

    see also Turkish army

    Kemalist revolution,184,305

    Kemalists,Kemalism,73-75,77,78-79,81,83,91,116,118-19,181-83,189-90,191,197,203,206,223,226,229,230,256,263,369,370-71,372

    armed uprisings against,186

    authoritarian tendencies of,225

    five-year plan of,224-25

    history rewritten by,184,214-15

    homogenizing ideology of,220

    modern European history accelerated under,194

    nation-building and,194

    rejection of,230

    secularism of,182-84,186-89,277

     see also Turkish nationalists

    Kenkulian,Hrant(Udi Hrant),162,165-67,169,170,172,175,229,334

    Keriman Halis,259-63,261,267,277,375

    Kessel,Dmitri,272

    Kiev,105

    Kɪlɪç Ali Pasha mosque,269

    Kitab-ɪ bahriye(Pirî Reis),18

    Knatchbull-Hugessen,Hughe,294,312-13

    Kofakos(Greek hotelier),127

    Koki and Niko’s,100-101,105

    Kollek,Teddy,314,331

    Korea,371

    Krauss,Josef,297

    Krupp,42

    Kumkapɪ(neighborhood),62,165

    Kurds,Kurdistan,31,34,75,186,191,194

    aerial attacks on,186

    rebellions among,227

    Ladino language,60,61,118,374

    Ladyzensky,Colonel,99

    “La Gioconda and Si-Ya-U”(Nâzɪm Hikmet),228

    Lale(singer),170

    Lausanne,Treaty of,114-15,120-25

    Lawrence,T,E.,37

    League of Nations,115,116,122,150,330

    Le Corbusier,27

    Lenin,Vladimir,93,98,101,115-16,224,227,235-36,248

    Leopold Ⅱ,king of Belgium,24

    Levantines,69,260,350-51,375

    Libya,34,53

    Lincoln,Abraham,22-23

    Litvinov,Maxim,310

    Livadia Palace,94,105

    London,14,94,139,173,246

    Long,Breckinridge,326-27

    Ludovic,Edouard and Emanuel,321,323

    Macedonia,34,192

    Macfarland,Lanning “Packy,” 308-9,312,337

    Makarov,Sasha,100,105

    Malaya,86

    Malta,57,74,115,212

    Maritsa River,299

    Marmara,Sea of,14,15,35,44,79,82,99,165,195,219,222,238,239,293,324,363,376

    Marmara Taksim Hotel,196

    Marx,Karl,223,226,238

    Maslak,84

    Matisse,Henri,272-73

    Maxim club,5,138,140-42,173,178

    Mayakovsky,Vladimir,228,230

    Mediterranean Sea,15,36,59,69,71,164,189,268,275

    Medović,Nicolaus,297

    Mefkûre,361-63,344

    Megali Idea,71

    Mehmed Ⅰ,Sultan,229

    Mehmed Ⅱ,Sultan,16,21,43,270,285

    Mehmed Ⅴ,Sultan,34,35,43

    Mehmed Ⅵ,Sultan,45,51,55,65,73,103,223

    as caliph,43,85-86

    deposing of,4-5,85-87,91,114,136,146,180-82

    Ottoman breakup accepted by,74-78,84

    weakness of,35,81,83,173

    Meisterwerke muhammedanischer Kunst,273

    Meletios Ⅳ,patriarch,119,126

    Menderes,Adnan,197,371-72

    Menemencioğlu,Numan,348-49,354

    Mensheviks,98-99,226

    Mercader,Caridad,250-51

    Mercader,Ramón,250-51

    Mesopotamia,36,39,75

    Meşrutiyet(Constitution)Avenue,129,318;see also Graveyard Street Mexico City,244,250-52,255

    Meyerhold,Vsevolod,228,230

    Meyers Guide,144

    meyhanes(taverns),142-43,164

    Middle East,295,298,350

    Midhat(public prosecutor),158-59

    millet system,58-59,120,123

    Milliyet(The Nation),193-94,197,204-5

    Milne,George,42,51-52,74,78,83

    Minsky,Yakov,236-37,247

    Miss Turkey competition,254,256-61,267,297

    Miss Universe competition,260-63,277

    Moda,95,96,239,297

    Montreux Convention,291

    Morina,361-63

    Moscow,102,105,116,117,139-40,227,232,247,249,250

    Nâzɪm Hikmet in,226-27

    mosques,20,123,187-88,189,269,378

    churches converted to,268,270

    imperial,49,51

    Moulin Rouge club(Mulenruj),161

    movies,155-60

    democratizing influence of,158-59

    Turkish,157,213,220,257-58,263

    Mudanya accord,82-83,85

    Mudros armistice,40,53,57,72,74,75,82,113,114,184

    muezzins,187-88

    muhacirs(forced migrants),32

    Muhammad,Prophet,10,43,135,179

    Muhayyeş,Misbah,128-30,131,303,317,369-70,377

    Muhiddin,Nezihe,204,206

    Muhlis Sabahattin,157

    Murder on the Orient Express(Christie),118,235,373

    music,5,155-75

    in Ankara,194

    genres of Turkish,161

    in Istanbul’s nightlife,136-38,141-42

    loss and longing portrayed in,162

    recorded,161-75

    Muslims,ⅹⅲ,44,49,61,72,80-81,124,137,162,179,222,229,301,305,374

    Allied condemnation of,43

    antinationalist,119

    bathing areas of,99

    Bolsheviks and,43

    Byzantium and,274

    compulsory exile of,120-23

    discontents of,64-66

    education for women among,207-8

    expanding wealth of,61

    from Black Sea coast,107

    intellectuals,259

    in Istanbul,45,58,73-74,194

    polygamy among,207

    reaction to Allied invasion by,41,65-66

    as refugees to Istanbul,32,34,41,43,49-50,91-92,171

    secular,350

    in Turkish nationalism,55,80-81,118,126,152,190-91,211-12

    Turkish-speaking,62,71,75,162,277

    Unionists and,37

    women,see women,Muslim

     see also Islam

    Mussolini,Benito,286,292,307

    Mustafa Ⅲ,Sultan,19

    Mustafa Kemal,see Atatürk,Mustafa Kemal Mustafa Suphi,225-27

    Mutlugün,Reşat,304-5

    My Life(Trotsky),240,242-43

    Nabokov,Vladimir,94

    Nadir Ağa(eunuch),147

    Nagelmackers,Georges,22-25

    Nansen,Fridtjof,116,122

    Nansen passports,116

    Naşide Saffet,258

    National Pact,74

    National Turkish Commercial Union,124

    Nation Awakes,A,157

    NATO,371

    Nâzɪm Hikmet,219-23,226-32,228,255,305,375

    Nazis,Nazism,290,295,307,308,314,329,346,352,358

    Jews killed by,326,330,338,359

    Jews stripped of citizenship by,320

    race laws under,297

    in Turkey,297

    Near East,6,71,122,223,273

    Necdet Rüştü,168

    Necip Celal,168

    Nerkis(singer),170

    Nesuhi(public prosecutor),158-59

    Netherlands,243,300

    New Orleans,La.,44,150

    New Rome,13,15,268,274;see also Byzantium,Istanbul New York,N.Y.,44,109,113,114,160,167,174,215,284,324,364

    New York Times,141,175,236

    Nicholas Ⅰ,Tsar,31

    Nicholas Ⅱ,Tsar,105

    Nicolson,Harold,350

    Nizharadze,Niko,100-101

    Normandy,Allied invasion of,313,362

    North Africa,37,55,96,306

    nostalji(nostalgia),161-62

    Novorossiisk,93-94

    Nuruosmaniye mosque,20

    “Nutuk”(Atatürk),214-15,219

    Odessa,93,139,235-36,356

    Office of Strategic Services,US(OSS),308-14,333-34,337

    Dogwood network of,312,357

    Ⅹ-2(counter-espionage)branch of,309,311

    OGPU(Soviet secret police),236-37,246-47

    Ökte,Faik,334

    On the Streets of Istanbul,157

    Orak-Çekiç(Hammer and Sickle),227

    Orient Bar,3,106,131,300,317

    Orient Express,3,22-25,118,180,247

    Orient News,118,155

    Osman,House of,7

    Ottoman army,52-53,57,73,81-82,149,221

    Ottoman Baroque style,50

    Ottoman Empire,24,26,32,64,77,79,86,150-51,193,197,224,271,318

    alcohol production in,143

    under Allied occupation,40-45

    armistice with Allies and,see Mudros agreement boundaries of,14,51,184,192

    Byzantium conquered by,13,16,21,60,169,267,270-71,274

    Christians in,32;see also Greeks(ethnic),Armenians classical music of,161,164-65,166,170,172

    constitutional monarchy in,33-34

    construction regulations in,19

    demise of,31-33,75-77,86,91,114,210,259,330

    domestic spies in,32-33

    duration of,43,58

    European annexations of territory of,34

    imperial harem in,134

    infrastructure of,24-25

    as Islamic empire,4,277

    Istanbul as capital of,3,6

    modernization of,208

    as multicultural,4,31,58-59,73,120

    parliament of,33,73-75,212

    poetic conventions in,220,227

    police officers of,44-45

    property records under,69

    reform movements in,33-34

    religion as social system in,120-23

    renamed Turkey,74

    seafaring by,18

     sürgün(forced resettlement)under,21-22

    Turkish rejection of past in,4

    Turks perceived by,190

    uprisings and rebellions in,32,34-35

    in World War Ⅰ,35-40,70,289

    Ottoman naval college,222,229

    Ottoman Turkish language,61,118,147

    rank expressed in,158

    oud(ud),165-67,170,171-72

    Palestine,39,52,75,247,290,331,363,364-65

    Arabs in,330,332

    immigration quotas and certificates for,328-29,330,331-32,358-60

    Jewish refugees and,320-24,328-30,332,335-41,345,348-49,355,362

    Palm Beach Seven,141-42

    Paris,22,24-26,75,113,117,137,139,140,160,215,225,235,244,246,247,263,276,294

    Park Hotel,318-19,331,349,363-65,375

    Parthenon,277,383

    “Past Is a Wound in My Heart,The,” 168-69

    Patria,324

    Pegasus,94

    Pera(neighborhood),42,43,44,49,64,72,101,104,108,123,127,140,143,147,155,160,208,237,300,350,373

    avant-garde popular culture of,151,167

    decline of neighborhood,3

    department stores in,203

    as destination for visiting Europeans,25

    as district of debauchery,143,150,151,305

    espionage in,244-46

    fire of 1870 in,21,25,27

    foreign embassies in,3-4,44,295

    as Istanbul’s most fashionable neighborhood,3

    nightclubs in,136-52,167,196,260

    northward shift to social life in,318

    secondhand shops in,102

    three curses of,49

    Pera Palace Hotel,64,96,118,127,137,140,149,192,267,276,297,298,305,308,333,372,373,376-77

    Atatürk at,52,54-55

    bar at,74

    Barks at,329,331,345,349,351-52,364,369

    Bodosakis’s ownership of,13,69,124-25,128,377

    bombing of,300-305,301,307,313,317,319,369

    Brodsky at,373

    change of ownership of,66

    Christie and,373

    declared state property,125,128

    decline of,3,317-18

    Dos Passos at,244-45

    espionage and,32-33,244-45,298

    Goebbels at,285-86,289

    Hemingway and,4

    initial success of,26-27,31

    Milne at,42

    modernization and,195,197

    Muhayyeş’s purchase of,128-31,317,369-70,377

    music at,136

    on New Year’s Eve 1925,179

    noise and,135-36,192

    as part of chain,26

    renovation of,375

    restaurant at,203

    view from,135

    as Western-style hotel,4

    Whittemore at,105-9,271,273

    Persia,Persians,15,61,145

    Persian language,189,227,228

    Petits-Champs Park,25,27,136,196,203,245

    Petits-Champs Theater,138

    Petrograd,93,94;see also St.Petersburg Phanar(Fener)neighborhood,59,61,70,120

    Philhellenism,70-71,78

    Picasso,Pablo,230

    Pirî Reis,18

    Pius Ⅺ,Pope,354

    Pius Ⅻ,Pope,352,354,359,364

    Poland,101,102,117,221

    communities destroyed in,326

    death camps in,338,352

    government-in-exile of,300

    invasion of,289,294

    Jewish refugees from,335,339-41,346,357,363

    polygamy,202,207

    Prague,117

    press,33,197,212

    census questionnaire in,193

    control of,185-86,191,227

    move to Ankara by,194

    and Struma affair,324

    Trotsky and Western,236

    Turkish,237

    Price,G.Ward,82,84

    Prichard,Matthew,106,272-73

    Princes Islands,44,229,238

    Prinkipo,see Büyükada

    Procopius,16,268

    Proctor,Bertha,140,149,246

    proletarian revolution,224-25

    property rights,202

    Prost,Henri,195-97,277,318

    prostitutes,96,147-52,256

    transvestite,3,152

    Pullman,George,22-23

    Punjabis,British unit of,52

    Pushkin,Alexander,226

    Putin,Vladimir,117

    railroads,14-15,22-26,155

    Ramadan,156,189,376

    Rand,Tamara,373

    rebetiko,163-64,171

    Red Army,Soviet,101,235,248,339,341

    Red Crescent Society,210

    Red Cross,106,108,137,310,335,348

    Refet Pasha,84-85,213

    Régence restaurant(Rejans),161

    Rendel,Anne,299-300

    Rendel,George,299-300,317

    Republican People’s Party,204,370-71

    as only legal party,184,214,221,224,304

    six pillars of,183

    Republic Day,186,314,318

    Republic Monument,196,316,318

    Resimli Ay(Illustrated Monthly),228-29

    Righi,Vittore,351-52,355

    Robert College,51,309

    Roman Catholic church,58,63,269,350-55,357,359-60

    Romania,24,102,155,172,290,320-22

    Jewish refugees from,326,335,337,339,346-47,360-63

    Jews persecuted in,355-56

    in World War Ⅰ,35

    Romaniotes,60

    Romanov dynasty,45,224

    Rome,352,359,364

    Rome,ancient,268,275

    Byzantium as successor to,273-74

    Roncalli,Angelo Giuseppe(Pope John ⅩⅩⅢ),353-55,358-60,364

    Roosevelt,Franklin Delano,310,327,336

    Rose Noire club(Roznuvar),141,161

    Rosenthal,Gérard,240

    Runciman,Steven,276

    Russia,Russians,4,32,62,69,76,90,222-24,236,246,278

    as empire,26,92-94,97,106,109,248

    exiles in Istanbul from,91-110,113-17,122,126,137,139-42,147-48,150,152,160,226,232,235-52,260,271,276,320

    in World War Ⅰ,35-40

     see also Soviet Union

    Russian Archaeological Institute,276

    Russian Embassy,shifting power at,97,116

    Russian Futurism,228,230

    Russian Imperial Academy,108

    Russian language,223,240

    Russian Orthodox church,107,270,351

    Russian Revolution,45,93,113,117,139,232,237,240,248

    Russo-Japanese War,107,208

    Rustow,Alexander,296

    Rustow,Dankwart,296

    Safa,Peyami,350

    Safiye Ayla,170

    Sahibinin Sesi(HMV),170-72

    St.James’s Brasserie,136

    St.Petersburg,98,100,102

    Sakarya,battle of,212

    Sakarya River,79

    Salih Zeki,208-9

    Salonica Army,52

    Salonica(Thessaloniki),33,210,372

    Abdülhamid Ⅱ exiled to,34

    Greek immigrants to,127,374

    Hellenic takeover of,7-8,163,222,224

    immigrants from,8,123,136,157,162,170,171,205,221-22,375

    as multicultural,8,53,162-64

    Ottoman,7

    Salvador,324

    Samsun,57,72

    Sanders,Otto Liman von,35,70

    Saracoğlu,Şükrü,289,306,333-34

    Sarayburnu(Seraglio Point),14,320,361

    Sarikamish,37

    Sartre,Jean-Paul,230

    Schwartzer,A.,149

    Schwarz,Alfred,312

    science,religion vs.,279

    Sedova,Natalya,235-37,239,244,246,251

    Selimiye mosque,20,269

    Senegal,42,66,157

    Serbia,117

    Serra,Mario,136

    Sevastopol,35,93,95

    Sèvres,Treaty of,75-78,79,81,83,84,210,290

    şeyhülislam,16,186,259

    Seyyan Hanɪm,162,167-69,171,175,229,334

    Shakhovskaya,Princess,114

    Shalikashvili,David,102

    Shalikashvili,Dmitri,98-102,109,117,226

    Shalikashvili,John,117

    Shaul,Eli,62

    sheet music,160,171

    sheiks,187

    Shi’a Islam,187

    Shirt of Flame,213

    Siberia,107,236

    Simplon Tunnel,25

    Simpson,Wallis,285

    Sirkeci station,14,18,22,92,155,300,334,344,360,362,363

    Slavs,13,71,269-70

    Slowes,Abraham,339-41

    Slowes,Moshe and Malke,339-41

    Smyrna,71-73,75,77,79-84,91,113,129,163-64,171

    Hellenic occupation of,204,210

    Turkish conquest of,212

     see also Izmir

    Snarsky brothers,100

    socialism,socialists,5,33,63,98,155,230,237,240,243

    in Russia,93,94,223

    in Turkey,221,223,227,232

    Socialist Revolutionary Party,248

    Socony-Vacuum Oil Company,309

    Sofia,41,299,302,326,339,355

    Soviet Embassy,236,246

    Soviet Union,93,126,185,235-37,240-41,246-52,295,310,313,328,362

    German invasion of,303,306,352,356

    nationalization of industry by,104

    Nâzɪm Hikmet in,226-27,228,230-32

    propaganda from,97-98

     Struma and,323

    Turkish relations with,115-16,223-26,230,256,290,291,294

    in World War Ⅱ,289-90,352,358

     see also Russia

    Soviet Writers’Union,232

    Spa,261-62

    Spain,186,243,249-50

    Jews from,60,63

    Spanish Civil War,128,249-50

    Special Operations Executive(SOE),307-8

    Sperco,Willy,140-41

    Spitzer,Leo,296

    SS,356-57

    Stalin,Joseph,230-31,235-41,243,247-49,252,290,294,339

    Stalingrad,306,356

    Standard Oil,41,108

    State Department,US,326-27

    Stein,Gertrude,272-73

    Steinhardt,Laurence A.,327-28,336-37,345,348-49

    Stella bar,140

    Sterladkin,Aleksei,114

    Stoliar,David,323

    Strafford,Charles,94

    Streater,Isabel,247

    Struma,320-24,326-27,329,348,362-63

    Sudan,146

    Süleymaniye mosque,12,20,68,269

    sultan,26,31,50,58,59,63,120,190,191,203,215,223

    caliph as,5,10,35,37,58,85-86

    deposing of,see Mehmed Ⅵ,Sultan,deposing of selâmlɪk procession by,17,51,85